Essential Functions of a Project Manager Essay

The Essential Functions of a Project Manager A envision manager (PM) is a facilitator. The ideal put up manager does whatever it takes to consider that the members of the put team elicit do their work. This means working with counsel to ensure they provide the resources and support required as wellspring as dealings with team abridges that are negatively impacting a teams productivity. The depict manager moldiness possess a combination of skills including the ability to ask bang-up questions, identify unstated assumptions, and resolve personnel conflicts along with more systematic management skills.This person is responsible for initiating, planning, executing, controlling and closing a envision. The actions of a witness manager should be almost unnoticeable and when a throw is moving along smoothly people are sometimes tempted to question the shoot for a go out manager. However, when you take the skilled redact manager out of the mix, the intent is more more like ly to miss dead keys and exceed budgets. The get off manager is the unity who is responsible for making decisions in such a way that risk is controlled and uncertainty minimized.Every decision made by the plan manager should ide every(prenominal)y be directly benefit the project. A successful PM must simultaneously manage the four basic elements of a project resources (people, equipment, material), time ( task duration, dependencies, circumstantial path), money (costs, contingencies, profits), and most importantly, scope (project size, goals, profit). All these elements are interrelated. for each one must be managed effectively. All must be managed together if the project, and the project manager, is to be a success.The Scope element of a project is the most important and it is the first and last task for a successful project manager. First and foremost you pay back to manage the project scope. The project scope is the definition of what the project is supposed to accomplish a nd the budget (of time and money) that has been created to achieve these objectives. It is absolutely imperative that any qualifying to the scope of the project have a matching change in budget, either time or resources. If the project scope is to build a create to house three widgets with a budget of $100,000 the project manager is expected to do that.However, if the scope is changed to a building for four widgets, the project manager must obtain an appropriate change in budgeted resources. If the budget is not adjusted, the smart project manager allow for avoid the change in scope. Usu altogethery, scope changes materialise in the form of scope creep. Scope creep is the piling up of small changes that by themselves are manageable, but in aggregate are significant. It is necessary to make sure any requested change, no matter how small, is accompanied by approval for a change in budget or schedule or both.A PM cannot effectively manage the resources, time and money in a project u nless you actively manage the project scope. When the project scope is clearly identified and associated to the timeline and budget, the PM can begin to manage the project resources. These include the people, equipment, and material needed to complete the project. A successful PM must effectively manage the Resources assigned to the project. This includes the labor hours of the designers, the builders, the testers and the inspectors on the project team.It also includes managing any labor subcontracts. However, managing project resources frequently involves more than people management. The project manager must also manage the equipment used for the project and the material needed by the people and equipment assigned to the project. Managing the people resources means having the right wing people, with the right skills and the proper tools, in the right quantity at the right time. It also means ensuring that they know what needs to be done, when, and how. And it means motivating them to take willpower in the project too.Managing direct employees normally means managing the senior person in each group of employees assigned to your project. These employees also have a line manager to whom they report and from whom the usually take technical direction. In a matrix management situation, like a project team, the PMs product line is to provide project direction to them. Managing labor subcontracts usually means managing the team lead for the subcontracted workers, who in turn manages the workers. The equipment a PM has to manage as lay out of the project depends on the nature of the project.A project to construct a frozen food warehouse would need earth moving equipment, cranes, and cement trucks. For a project to release a new version of a computer game, the equipment would include computers, test equipment, and duplication and packaging machinery. The project management key for equipment is much like for people resources. They have to make sure workers have the r ight equipment in the right place at the right time and that it has the supplies it needs to blend properly. Most projects involve the purchase of material. For a frozen food arehouse, this would be freezers, the building HVAC machinery and the material handling equipment. For a project to release a practice of medicine CD by a hot new artist, it would include the CD blanks, artwork for the jewel case, and press releases to be sent to deejays. The project management issue with supplies is to make sure the right supplies arrive at the right time. All the skill in managing resources wont help, however, unless the PM can stick to the project schedule. Time management is precise in successful project management. Time management is a critically important skill for any successful project manager.Project managers who succeed in meeting their project schedule have a good chance of staying within their project budget. The most common stir of blown project budgets is lack of schedule mana gement. Fortunately there is a lot of software on the market today to help manage project schedule or timeline. Any project can be broken down into a number of tasks that have to be performed. To prepare the project schedule, the project manager has to figure out what the tasks are, how long they will take, what resources they require, and in what severalise they should be done.Each of these elements has a direct bearing on the schedule. If a task is omitted, the project wont be completed. If the length of time or the center of resources required for the task is underestimated, the schedule will be missed. The schedule can also be blown if a mistake in the sequencing of the tasks is made. The PM needs to build the project schedule by listing, in order, all the tasks that need to be completed. Assign duration to each task. Allocate the required resources. Determine predecessors (what tasks must be completed before) and successors (tasks that cant start until after) each task.The t rouble in managing a project schedule is that there are seldom enough resources and enough time to complete the tasks sequentially. Therefore, tasks have to be overlapped so some(prenominal) happen at the same time. Project management software greatly simplifies the task of creating and managing the project schedule by handling the iterations in the schedule logic. When all tasks have been listed, resourced, and sequenced, it is noticeable that some tasks have a little flexibility in their required start and finish date. This is called float.A line through all the tasks with zero float is called the critical path. All tasks on this path, and there can be multiple, parallel paths, must be completed on time if the project is to be completed on time. The Project Managers key time management task is to manage the critical path. Be aware, that items can be added to or removed from the critical path as circumstances change during the execution of the project. Installation of security cam eras may not be on the critical path, but if the shipment is delayed, it may become part of the critical path.Conversely, pouring the concrete foundation may be on the critical path, but if the project manager obtains an addition crew and the pour is completed early it could come off the critical path (or reduce the length of the critical path). Regardless of how well you manage the schedule and the resources, there is one more critical element called managing the budget. Often a PM is evaluated on his or her ability to complete a project within Budget. If the project resources and project schedule is managed effectively, this should not be a problem.It is, however, a task that requires the project managers careful attention. Each project task will have a cost whether it is the cost of the labor hours of a computer programmer or the purchase price of a cubic yard of concrete. In preparing the project budget, each of these costs is estimated and then totaled. Some of these estimates will be more accurate than others. A company knows what it will charge each of its projects for different classifications of labor. Commodities like concrete are priced in a very competitive market so prices are fairly predictable. other estimates are less accurate. For instance, the cost of a conveyor system with higher performance specifications that normal can be estimated to be more expensive, but it is unexpressed to determine whether it will be 10% more or 15% more. For an expensive item, that can be a significant amount. When the estimated cost of an item is uncertain, the project budget often includes a design allowance. This is money that is set-aside in the budget just in case the actual cost of the item is wildly different than the estimate.Unusual weather or problems with suppliers are always a possibility on large projects. Companies usually include a hap amount in the project budget to cover these kinds of things. So a project budget is composed of the estimated cost , plus the contingency and design allowance, plus any profit. The project managers job is to keep the actual cost at or below the estimated cost, to use as little of the design allowance and contingency as possible, and to maximize the profit the company earns on the project. To maximize the chances of meeting the project udget, the PM must meet the project schedule.The most common motility of blown budgets is blown schedules. Meeting the project schedule wont guarantee the project budget is met, but it significantly increases the chances. And above all, management of the project scope is detrimental. PM should not allow the project scope to creep upward without getting budget and/or schedule adjustments to match. Successful project management is an art and a science that takes practice. The ideas presented above can give a basic understanding of project management, but consider it is only the beginning. In order to have a successful career in project managements, it is necessary t o talk to successful project managers, read, and practice to acquired experience and confidence.

Effects of Using Computers

Effects of Using Computers As the world is developing rapidly, large number rely to a greater ex tennert and more on science and engine room. When they define the concept of science and technology, most tidy sum today think of silicon chips, iPods, high-definition TVs, and visual kiosk phones (Wilson 320). Among those high-tech inventions, cars and cell phones are two scientific inventions that mostly affect peoples lives. For example, they shadower get to the destination faster or simply make a phone c whole to talk instead of taking time to write a letter. However, all of these effects do not stop in that location.As people brush off observe, they no longer work manually or by hand beca practice e trulything declare become computerized. Therefore, it is not unreasonable to believe that in the future, reckon is not computers any more it is about living, according to Nicholas Negroponte (27). In fact, the invention of computers has had both positive and negative effects on p eoples development, such(prenominal) as, in humans social lives, in their jobs, and in human entertainment. First of all, humans social lives rely on computer invention be slip of its upholdfulness.With the aid of technology, utilise computers with internet access is not an unusual way to communicate anymore. Since computers were invented, communication has become easier and quicker because computers allow join together to communicate with us and for us (qtd. in Leone 13). For example, international students, who do not live with their family, can keep back in contact with their parents via webcam. They can not only talk only as well as see each others face. Talking via webcam the likes of that helps those international students feel like they are living far away from home.Maintaining better communication theory means maintaining a better relationship, so people might say that computers can foster human contact (Swerdlow 17). When people are bored or disappointed, they usuall y log in to chat room or facebook where they can meet galore(postnominal) different and interesting people. For example, my friends brother immigrated to the U. S. ten years ago and left his girlfriend in Vietnam. The only thing that helped them keep in contact was the computers. They just kept chatting via webcam about how they lived without the other.Even though they did not live together, talking via webcam helped them maintain their relationship. Three years ago, they decided to get married. There are not many people reaching this destination, but computers provide people one way to keep their distant relationship. However, using online chatting to communicate has its own side effect which badly affects peoples privacy. Although computers have made communication easier, quicker, and more convenient, it has withal brought the privacy concerning.For example, every time people visit a dating or chatting site, all of the activities that they make exit be saved and can be converte d into permanent records that, when combined with innumerable other such records, can form a detailed pen of who we are (qtd. in Wagner 59). It is scary to see our profiles online, meaning that peoples privacy is known as public information which they never expect to see. In addition, most people use a credit card to shop online, and every time they use it, that credit card can be matched to circumstantial titles and be stolen easily.Using credit card to buy something online is so convenient however, it is not safe because some online hackers can steal peoples distinguish number and start using it illegally. In fact, using computer to access the Internet has impacted peoples privacy. Secondly, computers play a big post in peoples jobs because computers help people make out work faster and more correctly. Long time ago when computers were not invented, hundreds of people collaborated to mete out stocks by using blackboards, chalk, and phones, and with much calculation, stock tr ading now is so much easier and quicker.It means people just simply turn on their computers, and all the information about stocks volition appear on their screens. Sometimes, human power is becoming increasingly ineffective in controlling the way information technology shapes our economic and political lives (Swerdlow 21). For example, in the supermarket, there are too many products with many different price ranges, and computers help employees to complete the sum up minutes faster. In fact, no matter what jobs people are working, they need computers because the world has been computerized.Some people think that there is a lot of work that computers cannot perform. Yes, there is some work that needs physical movement or physical force, but computers can help people perform other tasks that require a complex thought process. According to Levy, a writer of Quarterly Journal of Economics in 2003, computers cannot easily substitute for humans in these jobs but they can complement huma ns by providing large volumes of information, he implies (30). For example, part of the truck drivers jobs is usually to carry goods in and out of the truck, and computers can not help them to do it.However, it can provide the truck drivers the navigation system to get to the destination quicker. Computers are an intelligent machine that can help people do various work through its various functions, so people cannot deny the crucial role of computers in peoples jobs. However, applying computers in the employment also has a certain disadvantage. The major effect of computers is that computers create an unemployment problem. Unemployment is a serious conflict because employers no longer need much labor to run their companies when computers can help them in various aspects.In reality, computers technology is enabling companies to extend their operations and enlarge their profits while reducing their workforce and the pay and trade protection of those who remain by contracting out wor k to cheaper labor around the globe and by replacing people with the machines (Noble 40). For example, employers are used to hire accountants to keep their business documents, but when they have computers, those accountants are no longer needed because the employers can handle their documents by themselves with the accounting software.Moreover, the increased use of computers in the workplace causes another serious consequence which is the decrease of employees work skills. According to Joan Greenbaum, a programmer at IBM company, he writes in the language of work rationalization, the worker who does the comparable task over and over againis being deskilled because she does not have a chance to use her own intelligence and knowledge (63). Employees will not practice anything at all if they keep working on one work over and over again. They have computers which really help them do a major of work, so they do not really need to use their knowledge to perform their work.In fact, comput ers are really useful for employees to work on a variety of tasks, but there are some bad consequences following the computers advantages. Last of all, computers have influenced humans entertainment because they have some functions that televisions or cell phones do not. Mostly, children listen to music or watch movies with a CD/ videodisk player to entertain themselves, but when they know how to use computers, their use of those inventions is less than after they discovered the effects of computers.Evidently, U. S. residents 13 and older consider computers more important for home entertainment than the CD player, stereo or DVD player (Evangelista E1). A major of teenagers use computers to entertain because of the computers functions. For instance, televisions can not be used to go online, but computers can. Televisions do not have knockout drive to store music and movies, but computers do. Moreover, computers also help teenagers exploit other different activities on the Internet, and one of which is game online.Playing games online has become very popular because of the advantages it offers. People do not need to come by a game store to find one because there are many interesting games on the Internet. People can also gamble online. Therefore, there is no doubting the truth that computers help people entertain themselves more effectively. However, socialize via computers connected to the Internet may cause bad effects on peoples lives, especially teenagers. Among game online and movies, the violent images are the most uncouth issue that most parents do worry about.They seem to act exactly like what they have seen in the movies or the games on the Internet. For instance, one of my friends younger brother, who is now sixteen years old, usually watches gangster movies, and his favorite one is Young and Dangerous, a Hong Kong gangster movie. He tends to act like a gangster and tries to be as cool as the main character, which he really loves to be. He even get s the same that characters genus Draco tattoo on his back. About three years ago, he fought with another group of students of another school and was put in jail for six months.Therefore, online games and movies may mentally influence teenagers. Additionally, games and movies online also has a bad effect on teenagers physical development because they can spend most of their time sitting in the front of a computer, having their eyes glued to the monitor, and playing from early morning until midnight without eating anything. Playing games online is seemly like having drug abuse because when teenagers get into it, they will have difficulty getting out.Focusing too much on game online, teenagers have lack of exercise which directly affects on their physical growth, and they will become hypoactive which means they are less active and communicative. Therefore, most people, especially teenagers, should realize that watching movies and playing games online too much can cause serious consequ ences. As time has passed, scientists have invented many great high-tech inventions, and computer invention is one of those.In fact, every high technology has not only advantages but also disadvantages, so computers are not an exception. Computers have both positively and negatively impacted humans social lives, their jobs, and also their entertainment. Now, when people define the concept of science and technology, the first invention which they mention is the computers because computers have become a part of humans lives. Computers have many sophisticated functions to perform a variety of work, but people should remember that computers may cause bad effects.

Arthur Miller Essay

Between 1949 and 1953, Arthur Miller wrote two of his most noteworthy plays. two plays dealt with major problems in ordering. The briny roles of the plays were similar. alike, the supporting characters of both plays were alike. Arthur Millers plays Death of a Salesman and The Crucible argon similar in many elans. The main purpose of both Death of a Salesman and The Crucible was to show major problems in American society. In Death of a Salesman, Arthur Miller was try to show the impossibilities of the American Dream. In The Crucible, he was attempt to show how society is intolerant toward separates and is pr wholeness to hysteria. Both plays dealt with society defeating the average, hard-working man. Each play showed a society that was full of deceit and liars. In both of these plays, society was depicted as an evil thing that would overpower the average per news and create an unjust world.The main characters of Death of a Salesman and The Crucible, Willy Loman and rear end Proctor, were alike in many ways. Both of these men had extramarital affairs, and in both nerves, the affairs ended up destroying their lives. Both of these men were hard-working, average men who were just trying to make a good life for themselves and their families. Names were important to both men, and they both took pride in their names. In both cases, many decisions the two made were because of their family members. One large similarity between Willy and John was the fact that they both eventually transcendd, and the death was partly their choice. Both men could confirm avoided death, but instead, they chose to die because they believed it was the correct thing to do.In these two plays, there were also many similarities between the supporting characters. In both plays, children had much much power than they normally do. In Death of a Salesman, Willys son controlled much of his life. In The Crucible, the girls, led primarily by Abigail Williams, caused many citizenry to be hanged, and even more to be imprisoned. Also, both John and Willy had wives that were very loyal to them throughout their lives and supported them until the end. Both plays showed a epithet of power, seen as Howard in one play and Judge Danforth in the some other. In both plays, the main character had a friend who stood up for them at the end. Willy had Charley, who had been his best friend for a long time, and John had empy square Hale, who tried to prevent Johns death. There are many similarities between characters in the two plays.Death of a Salesman and The Crucible are alike in many ways. Arthur Miller created similar characters in both plays. He used both to show the many things unlawful in America. These two plays are both powerful pieces of literature that should be read and appreciated by all people.Sources Death of a Salesman and The Crucible by Arthur MillerArthur Miller EssayCan the audience be certain that Abigail is belie when she has her fits (pages cardinal ni ne-forty and ninety one-ninety six) In sixteen ninety two there was an outbreak of hangings for becharmcraft. Arthur Miller establish The Crucible on the events that lead to this to create an allegory of the events that took place in the nineteen fifties, when Joseph McCarthy was the head of the investigations of the senate military commission on internal security.When Abigail her fit on page ninety two, Miller leaves the audience confused because of the other girls reaction to what Abigail does and also to bloody shame warrens accusations. When Abigail starts imitating Mary Warren the girls copy Abigail and start apply it to accuse Mary Warren of sending a shadow on them, so Abigail used its sharp entrance into the court to stop Mary Warren from telling the truth about what happened in the woods. The way they chose to accuse her was by imitating Mary Warren. Mary Warren (screaming out at the top of her lungs, and raising her fists) period itGirls (raising their fists) Stop it Arthur Miller adds more uncertainty by making other girls leading into the fits. This happens when Betty wakes upon page thirty nine and starts a fit off by saying, I saw Goody Howe with the Devil This is sound because Betty is apparently ill at the time that this happens then As she is speaking BETTY is rising from the bed, a feverishness in her eyes, and picks up the chant. Then in a fit on page ninety two, kindness Lewis says Mercy Lewis (pointing) Its on the beam Behind the rafter This is when the snort has appeared and Danforth asks where it was. This is an effective strategy to betroth and these points in the play because it keeps the audience guessing and wanting to k straight off what will happen next. Mary Warren is present during both the fits that Abigail has, although in the second one on page ninety two she is the one both accusing and organism accused. At the end of the fit Mary Warren has a real stress induced fit only MARY is left there, staring up at the bir d, screaming madly. All watch her terrified by this evident fit. The fact that Mary Warren has now joined in isnt the only thing that makes this effective it is that she has just changed her mind after be so resolute on telling the truth, also that this implicates Proctor as be a witch because he is the one that took her to the court. In the sixteen nineties the buildings were furnished in a minimalist shape because people couldnt afford much more that the essentials, for example in Bettys bedroom would have a bed a little chest of drawers for her clothes and a chair. There would also be a few windows.Therefore it would be rather shocking seeing it filled up with mainly young girls, then when all the girls suddenly start shouting it would be overwhelming and quite confusing for an audience member seeing this for the first time. However, When Mary Warren is persuaded to go to court she seems frightened of Abigail as she says Shell kill me for sayin that The audience also know t hat Abigail has lied from the beginning about what happened in the woods, as Abigail told her uncle that all they did was dance but then Betty says you drank a charm to kill Goody ProctorAlso in the same conversation Abigail tells Mary Warren to carry on lying, Let either of you sigh a word about the other things and I will come to you in the black of slightly terrible night and I will bring pointy reckoning that will shudder you. When the girls copy Abigail they never catch on straight away they always take a while to join in, such(prenominal) as in the court room on page ninety two Abigail has to repeat what Mary Warren says twice before the girls start repeating as well. The Crucible is an allegory of what was happening in America in the nineteen fifties.When Joseph McCarthy became a senator lots of people started having trouble with being accused of being a communist. It was mainly actors, actresses and writers that were accused but once you were accused there were only two t hings you could do to stop yourself from being blacklisted, which meant you would find it very hard to work again, you could either admit to being a communist and still be black listed or you could do the easier thing to prove you werent a communist which was accuse someone else. This is very similar to The Crucible as Abigail feels she has to accuse Tituba so that she isnt accused of which craft.The only two differences when you were put in this situation ware that you wouldnt be hung for being a communist you just wouldnt be able to find work very easily. The other difference was that in Salem you had to be a witch to be hung, whereas in America you had to be a communist. There are certain similarities between Salem and today, such as today, lots of people treat Muslims differently because other people have turned Muslims into a scapegoat and projected everything wrong with the society that they live in and been blamed on a particular group of people, which in our case is Muslims. This prejudice against particular groups of people often isnt fair. In America they projected their fears onto communists because they were that the communist ascension in Russia would spread to America, but now we are worried because a few Muslims out of millions unconquerable to become suicide bombers and the government used them as a means to justify the war in Iraq by demonising the main faith in that country. Overall I think that the audience wouldnt be able to whether Abigail was pretending while she was having her fits unless they had seen The Crucible before, because Arthur Miller uses a lot of tactics to confuse or scare the audience.

Film Analysis: “Braveheart”

Over the chivalric decade, Hollywood has begun to turn to history as the source of inspiration for some of its award-winning movies. Most, if non all, of these films would be promoted by the producers, directors and even actors of the film as those that are as close to historical accounts and documentations about these events and individuals. Although this may be the case, a portion of the scenes shown in movies based on events and prominent individuals in history pee-pee been included in array to add to the drama and action to the film even if the scene does not expect any historical documentation to support the scene to be included.In some cases, certain separate of an otherwise historical event may also be changed in order to make it more(prenominal) stri power and memorable to the audience. The paper will provide an analysis on the accuracy of the events pre directed in the honorary society Award-winning movie Braveheart starring Mel Gibson. The paper would provide a summa ry of important key points presented in the movie. Specifically, the paper would look into the accuracy of the battles portrayed in the movie to research conducted by historians with regards to Sir William Wallace, the hero envisioned in this epic movie.The paper would also look into the viability of the romantic affair between Sir William Wallace and the Princess of France and the surrounding fortune as depicted in the movie. Summary of Braveheart In order to analyze the accuracy of the situations and events of the movie Braveheart, a summary of the movie must first be provided. The film begins in Scotland in the year 1280 AD. The oddment of the king of Scotland left the country without a regularizationr of its own as the king did not save a son to leave the kingdom to.As a result, the rulers from neighboring countries began to compete with each other for the upside and ownership of the kingdom of Scotland. The close to formidable of these competitors was Edward the Longshan ks, king of England. His claim over Scotland was met with hostility from the ordinaryers of the land. In order to extinguish any retaliation on the part of the common people of Scotland, Edward the Longshanks arranged a confluence whereby each leader of the different shires of Scotland were invited to attend, allowing them to bring along only one page as their companion.Among those who have been invited was a commoner named Malcolm Wallace who decided to take his eldest son, John, with him to the meeting. They were delayed to arrive to the meeting as Malcolm had to dispose his youngest son, William, that he was still too young to go to the journey with them. Upon their arrival, Malcolm Wallace had realized that his sons doggedness had saved him from walking into a trap that had been orchestrated by Edward the Longshanks. All the attendees in the supposed meetings were hung inwardly the cottage where the meeting was supposed to have taken place, including the women and children.W illiam, who had tried to follow his father and pal to the meeting, cut the atrociousness of the scenario a vision that had left a lasting mark to the young boy (Braveheart). The brutality of the scene prompted Malcolm Wallace to stir some of the leaders in the shire to attempt a violent answer for what Edward the Longshanks had committed to their fellow men. Unfortunately, the bowel movement was a failed attempt, and Malcolm and his son were killed in the battle. On the day that his father and brother were buried, his uncle, Argyle, took him into his care (Braveheart).The film then fast forwards to a few years later. Edward the Longshanks, in his following to rule over all of Europe, formed an allegiance with his rival, the world power of France, through the marriage of the latters daughter to Edward the Longshanks son and heir to the throne. Meanwhile, in Edinburgh, the Scottish nobles had formed a council. Included in the council was the 17th Earl of Bruce named Robert, w ho has been considered to be the leading contender to the crown of Scotland. Among the topics that begun to concern the council was the issuance of the decree of prima nocte by Edward the Longshanks.This gave nobles who have sworn their allegiance to the King of England the privilege to sleep with any newly married common woman on the first night as a married woman. This was done in an effort to encourage more Scottish nobles to swear allegiance to the King of England which then would lead to the surety of Edward the Longshanks hold over Scotland (Braveheart). It was around this time that William Wallace, now an adult, returns to the shire that he had left when he was a young orphan.He reunites himself with Hamish, his childhood friend and the young woman named Murron who, during his father and brothers burial, offered him a bill as a sign of sympathy. Because of the prima nocte decree, William and Murron married in secret and thus allowing William the privilege that most other men in the shire had been deprived of (Braveheart). The turning point for the pace of the movie and the flavor of William Wallace occurred just a few days after his secret marriage.A soldier of the English crown try to force himself on the young woman, but she had fought and, through the help of William, freed herself but only for a while. She was last caught by the soldiers and was executed in front of the entire town as an example on what would transcend to them should they try to oppose any representative of the king of England, be it a soldier or a noble since according to the nobleman, an opposition to any individual representing the king of England is an opposition to the King himself (Braveheart).The death of Murron and the cerebrate of the noble had caused William Wallace to begin a revolution beginning in his own town. His passion and determination to resign the country of the English had made a lot of Scottish commoners take up arms and give way him in his cause. Town a fter town, he and his band of men which eventually led to the unificationing of the forces of the Scotch and the Irish, had made the townspeople consider him as a legend and tales began to spread about him (Braveheart).News had reached the King of England and sent his daughter-in-law, the Princess of France, as an ambassador to negotiate some form of truce and ceasefire with William Wallace, who by now had been knighted by the Council of Scots, headed by Robert the Bruce. Wallace declined the offer of Edward the Longshanks by relaying to the future queen the haunting scene that he had stumbled on when he was a boy and when the King of England first offered a truce to the people of Scotland.Not only did the Princess of France become amazed by the intelligence that Wallace had exhibited, but she also began to grow fond of him in a romantic way (Braveheart). When she returned to capital of the United Kingdom and delivered the message of William Wallace to the king, he decided to go i nto war with Wallace again. This time, he was to have a larger military by tapping into the allegiances that he had formed through the years. When news of this reached William Wallace through the help of the Princess of France, Wallace went to the Council of Scots to ask them to join their cause.Initially, Robert the Bruce gave Wallace his word and so did the other members of the council. However, on the day of the battle, Wallace first experienced betrayal when he proverb two of the council men that showed up with their respective armies had turned around after being bribed by the King of England, and then later when he discovered that Robert the Bruce himself was fighting alongside the King of England as well (Braveheart). Upon eyesight the effects of his betrayal to Wallace, Robert the Bruce was overcome with guilt and as a means to try to amend for his betrayal, helped Wallace leave the battlefield.This allowed Wallace to take revenge on the two noblemen who have betrayed h im in the battlefield (Braveheart). With news of Wallaces escape reaching the King of England, another attempt was made on his life. This plot was overheard by the Princess of France, who again warned Wallace of the blackwash attempt. Unfortunately, the third time, Wallace was finally apprehended. Robert the Bruce sent word to William Wallace that he would like to talk and make amends for his previous betrayal.Still trusting the Bruce, and realizing the need for a larger army to continue the cause, Wallace went to the residence of the Bruce alone and unarmed. Unknown to both(prenominal) Robert the Bruce and William Wallace, the other members of the Council, through the guidance of Robert the Bruces father, made arrangements to hand William Wallace over to the King of England (Braveheart). William Wallace was tried for lavishly treason against the King of England and was sentenced to be executed the following day. Knowing about this, the Princess of France begged for the life of W illiam Wallace to the King of England as he lies on his deathbed.When the king refused to grant the request of the princess, she then made it known to the dying king that she was pregnant with the child of William Wallace, his mortal adversary (Braveheart). Wallace suffered a horrendous and slow death through a process called hung, drawn and quartered. With his last breath, he shouted with all his might the word Freedom, a cry that stirred the hearts of his comrades who witnessed his execution in the crowd. After he was beheaded, the body of William Wallace was cut into pieces and put in different locations to serve as a warning to anyone who tries to go against the King of England.His head was primed(p) on London Bridge, while his arms and legs were sent to the four corners of England. The movie ends with the narration on how sooner of deterring any form of resistance towards the crown of England, the opposite had actually happened. In the year 1314, despite the Scottish army he aded by Robert the Bruce were lacking in resources and heavily outnumbered, had won the freedom of their land from English rule in the battle that occurred on the field of Bannockburn (Braveheart). Analysis of the Accuracy of Braveheart

Argumentive Paper on Illegal Downloading of Music

1. Speech Title Our Modern Day Pirates 2. Speaker/Audience An environmental activist/local group of environmental activists. 3. Purpose of Speech EXAMPLE To convince my audience to acquit action to preserve the tropical rainforests. 4. Thesis EXAMPLE I. Attention A) Alright so who here, and be ripe knows that they go through flagitiously downloaded star of their favorite movies, practice of medicine exct.? (hands will be raised) Ah So there argon my thieves B) The usage of illegal downloading has been a huge problem in the creation of the arts.Millions of dollars atomic number 18 being invested into the gruelling work thats produced for the enjoyment of the society and is lost. C) For those who dont know stealing movies or medication or anything is against the law. And trust me later on in my speech your going to know how unconstitutional it is to steal. Credibility) I have witnessed iodin of my fathers friends who was in a band. They were starting to grow into a successful band, opened for embrace at the red rocks. Soon to come, CDs stop selling and Xirens own money that he put in was lost due to illegal down loads.E Preview) From this speech you will learn 1) how illegal downloading started its affect on operatives that supply the medicine. 2) You will learn Statistics on how it financially affects the music business and another(prenominal)s, 3) the consequences of illegal downloading and 4) cheap alternatives to contact your needs in hopes to stop this madness. Transition) Lets go back to June the year was 1999. A creator Shwan Fanning Started one of the more or less unethical practices of bill sharing called Napster. II. Body A. Need It all started with a simple project that was created called file sharing.File sharing is the practice of distributing or providing access to digital stored information such has mp3 or music file. 1. fit in to an article ( R. I. P Napster) The excuse that Napster promoted for illegal downloading was The pointe d companies had let them down by only place on a few hit singles and fills it up with songs just to get more money. So Napster was programmed for individuals to select certain songs and not constitute for it. When this happened, then millions of others begin to upload their own music and portion it with others around the globe.This lead to major copy writes infringements, which eventually put Napster turn out of business. It was too late though. forthwith some arguments that I have heard when I ask why do you illegally download music? The response is, the evince companies cheat the artists out of their money anyways. They see the cross-file companies as magnanimous monsters who are evilly personified. Your basically playing robin hood when you go and download stuff without paid for it. Your ripping off the record companies. You think yea were beating this volumed evil monster.2. regrettably if you only knew the business part of it, the money that is spent on the CDs or on I-tunes goes straight to the big evil monster record companies. Once this happens then the artists who produced that music gets a generous profit from the record company. 3) The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) is extremely concerned with the illegal downloading. Since Napster, Music Sales have dropped 47% from loosing 14. 6 billion dollars. (TechDirt. net) From 2004- 2009 30 billion songs were illegally downloaded on file sharing networks. wicked downloading loses the music industry 12. billion dollars a year, and said from 2004-2009 over 71,000 jobs were lost. This includes not only music artist but sound engineers, technicians, warehouse workers and even record store clerks. Illegal downloading under minds the future of music. by stealing the music you take away the music industries resources it needs to find new talent and holt the rise of better music. *When we steal and download illegally a copious amount of music then the record companies are not getting en ough money and profit to pay the artists. This is when the only outcome is penalty for participating in this scheme.B. Satisfaction Its now time that drastic measures must be taken. Just travel year a federal jury found a thirty two year doddering women who was charged 1. 9 million dollars. Charged 80,000 a song and only illegally downloaded 24 songs approximately twenty four bucks with the . 99 cent charge fee on I-tunes. (Digital Media Magazine) Was it worth it? If you are caught the record companies get to decided based off infridment laws how a good deal they can sue in individual. This is just one of the many cases who has been charged according to the copy write laws. S1. One way to stop this problem is to instruct others on this subject.According to (Teens less likely to illegal download when they know ) 70% of people who were interviewed had no cerebration file sharing was illegal. These could be lies due to the fact of being afraid being sued, but 2. With the cultur e on illegal downloading Between 2006-2009 16-20% of illegal downloading has declined, and 15-30% of people were engaged in legal downloading of music. Transition) *To keep you out of the dog house here are some safe alternatives so you can enjoy your music or in this case movies as well C. Visualization If you think that there is no other way to satisfy your music/movie needs then think again.Example I-tunes, Pandora radio, or even Netflix are safe legal ways to accesses music and movies. Netflix is one of the best alternatives to view movies and T. V shows. You only pay 7. 99 a month and receive unlimited movies. Example) Also big Television networks such as NBC,MTV and FOX will let you view episodes of your favorite shows. If we stop the illegal downloading just think of how much support artist will have and money to create even better music * in a flash lets turn to some basic tips and a short story that helped me stop illegal downloading.D. Action 1) Since illegal downloading i s such an easy task to do, think to yourself how you can be the domino effect of the down authorise of the music industry. 2) Now I cant be there sitting over each and everyone of your shoulders and give notice your descion to legally download. When I crashed my old computer using a file sharing called KAZA my father was livid. He gave me advice on how to govern my own actions. He asked me if I knew what the definition of character was. With 8 different translations of the battle cry character in Webster dictionary my father came up with the ninth.He said Alex Character is based on your actions and morality when no one is watching. Conclusion. Summary In conclusion you have learned the beginning stages of illegal downloading, and how to attack this situation with safer alternatives. Importance You saw how important legal down loading can be for the music industry and others, and the importance of supporting musicians by buying their music. Clincher So just because no one is aro und and its just you behind the screen of your computer, think to yourself before you download if youre a pirate or a honorable person.

Marketing Strategy for Aston Martin Cars

A critical analysis of the Aston Motors fellowship has showed that the connection has a number of strengths that it merchantman base on for its economic success. Some of these include the ability to produce very good quality of cars.This loafer be traced back to the connections excellent group of engineers who design and recommend the practice session of high quality materials for their pertly designed models. It is also important to note that although the panel of engineers can recommend the best materials, it is the supplies department of the company that is actually responsible for this strength.Second, the company has a very good reputation in the market on which it can capitalize to win the customers amid a very competitive get manufacturing industry.The company is very tumefy known for producing cars that yield severally won in motor sport competitions and which are known for their singularity in terms of quality and body as strong as chassis designs.Another streng th for this company emerges from this aspect of quality expertise and a good capital base in that it has the capacity and latent to increase its designs and quality products.The brand name of Aston Motors company is Aston Motors and it is very much selling in the market. The company can also consider its reputable brand name as peerless of its major strengths because it can form a strong basis of the companys further expansion plans.Due to its powerful brand name, the companys branch ground in south Africa realised annual sales that were about three times the number of cars it anticipate to sale. Specifically, it had predicted an annual sale of about forty cars in its first year since establishment in confederation Africa but it turned out that the actual sales were something to do with one hundred and fourteen cars (Bright 2007).Several weaknesses suffer also been identified in the Aston Motors company or in the way it makes its daily operations. First, the company was forma l to have poorly competed in the motor industry especially with when compared with some of the major industries in microscopical car manufacturing.Second, the top management of the company has continuously neglected to address the needs of middle programme population all over the world who form a sizeable potential market.Instead, it has chose to address the needs of a very thin segment of the society who are mainly the noble people, the celebrities and companies that sponsor motor sports when they need to buy cars for their candidates (Doolittle 2003). This has been perceived negatively by most people irrespective of race or geographical location.A close look at the history of the Aston Motors company shows that the company has not made faired well in terms of making profits out of its business operations. It is an historic trend that can be traced back to the first world war (Gartman 1994)..Although there are other small car manufacturing companies that have performed much wors e than this, for example the Lotus motors, each company operates on its own and the performance of one company can not be a measure of how another is performing.Therefore the Aston Motors company should not use the failure of a few of it competitors as an excuse of its continues poor performance.

Internet a Tool of Modern Age

mickle Media Society Abstract This topic shows the chores of chew media. Mass media is absolutely important for our life. However, as much as big bucks media plays an important map in our corporation, it causes some serious problems. Mass media makes citizens recognize misjudgments by distorting the truth. Most serious problem mass media cease affect extreme ability to our society. Mass media has been developed to a crackinger extent and more than as society has grown, becoming centralized authority in our society. Exaggerated contents of mass media affect disobedient sides to bulk-especi every(prenominal)y teenagers.Some state tend to believe mass media absolutely, so it is in like manner becomes a problem. telly, internet, and publicize, nowadays, the well-nigh important medium of mass media brings some problems to separately a nonher(prenominal), so these atomic number 18 issue in society which citizenry deplete to solve. Mass Media Power The more society ha s grown, the bigger the foodstuff of mass media has been developed. Hibbert (2006) defined in the bookthe power of mediathat mass media is only part of tv set, radio, weave sites, intelligence servicepapers, magazines and books. They deliver randomness to the public (p. 6).People apprise meet and examine their society through mass media. Before 1960s, mass media was not public. Some citizens could know how their society and delivery were moved according to newspaper. Since 1970s when television was invented, the market of mass media has been developed. Now, most fields of mass media were created, so we fundament meet mass media really tardily not only on the streets but also at kinsperson. We be living under the do of mass media. However, this suppuration of mass media brings some problems in our society as two sides of the same coins.Mass media crisis has rear up secretly because most media organizations do not want to be revealed to their problems frankly. Problems Mass media affects all fields such as politic, economy, government, culture and society. Almost all countries contain got their own problems of media. The most serious problem of that media is mass media can bring confusion of people value. For example, mass media is to make people agree their ideas or thoughts in terms of propaganda. The meaning of propaganda is a accommodative set of messages aimed at influencing the opinions or behavior of large umbers of people (Propaganda, 2008). Find out how our respectable demonstrate writers can help you with your work Actually, this word was meaning of the things to be spread. However, now most people whitethorn know the word of propaganda is some nurture which is false or emphasizes unmatched part of a situation, unremarkably used by a government or political group according to Nazi propaganda (Bytwerk, 2005). Taylor (2001) revealed how Hitler embed his ideology in their citizens In 1933, Adolf Hitler appointed Minister for Minis try for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda, Joseph Goebbels.Goebbels had spread a litter of propagandas, contained the ideology of Hitler and Nazi. All daybookists, writers, and artists were needed to register with one of the Ministrys subsidiary chambers for the press, fine arts, music, theater, film, literature, or radio. The Nazis believed in propaganda as a vital tool in achieving their goals. Adolf Hitler was impressed by the power of Allied propaganda during human War I and believed that it had been a primary cause of the collapse of morale and revolts in the German home front and Navy in 1918. Broadcasters and journalists required prior approval before their works were disseminated.Along with posters, the Nazis produced a summate of films and books to spread their beliefs. (pp. 162-163) In the U. S. and South Korean government also by emphasizing red confused to their citizens through mass media like radio or newspapers, the governments make their citizens recognize the hostile attitude or so all policies of socialism while they justifies their policies (Kang, 1997). These things are absolute examples of mass medias problem. In addition, as market of mass media has been developed much, the authority of mass media has grown also.The power of mass media has been centralized too much, so it exercises extreme influence over any(prenominal) government. The contents of mass media stir been contained exaggeration and violence more and more. This mass media makes people tend to believe absolutely. Mass media has strong authority in our society. Mass media became one most important trend for people to deliver information since mass media has been developed. We can get a lot of information and knowledge easily through mass media like newspaper, magazines and books. Actually, there is no way for us to take new information except through mass media.Therefore, mass media could have massive authority among our society. You can get expert help with your pr obes right now. Find out more Television Television is one of the most important media of mass communication. Common people may get television at least one hour every day. Some people usually meet news through television and others may want to watch dramas or variety shows. We can watch a lot of programs according to our tastes through television. Nielsen media enquiry (1998) report Television was introduced to the U. S. A. t the 1939 Worlds sporty in New York. After two years, the Federal communications Commission licensed and approved the initiatory commercially available television stations. In 1950, about 9% of American homes had TV sets. Since 1985, television self-control has been about 98% (cited in Bushman, 2001, p. 477). Since television was invented, media became very popular in our life. Now almost all families have television at least one at home. Television has developed since 1930thas fearsome invention can give people a lot of information and enjoyment visually a nd audially both.Most Americans watch television for 3 to 5 hours per day (Horvath, 2004, p. 378). As much as television has become known to people, it causes legion(predicate) problems too. The violence of televisions programs has very serious effects. In television programs, we can easily see a recurrence of a case. It causes imitative crimes. Brandon Centerwall (1993), a professor at the University of Washington reported that from 1945 to 1974, 93% of the murder rate has been increased. It shows that television teaches violence, and it also makes people be unconcerned about violence.It can also cause antisocial actions. Television can bring addiction, which is one problem appeared since mass media was developed. TV addiction is similar with other addictions like drugs addiction or gambling. Especially TV addiction is gloomy for children. A child who watched two hours of television a day before age three would be 20 percent more likely to have attention problems at age seven co mpared with a child who did not watch television (Christakis, 2004). Television programs are contained to the violent acts and sensational contents more and more by pursuing commercial value.Moreover, they also maintain that television is forcing simple thoughts. Television gives us a lot of information but they can just give that. Viewers just can accept televisions information we cannot communicate with television. It is sure that the invention of television brought great development in our society. However, as the market of broadcast has been bigger, programs in television has been contained more violence and exaggerated. These things give children and teenagers bighearted effects, so all broadcast need to adjust their program contents. internet Thatcher and Goolam (2005) said in their journalThe number of people using the internet has grown exponentially since the emergence of World Wide Web about ten years ago. No one is exactly sure how many people have online access. Accord ing to NUA net income Survey (2002), it was estimated the number of internet users is approximately 600 million people in 2002 (Nua Internet survey, cited in Thatcher Goolam, 2002, p. 767). The popularity of the WWW, combined with the pervasiveness of computer technology in general, means that people are becoming more and more reliant on technology and the Internet to conduct their day-to-day and work activities. p. 767) Although internet appeared as a new medium of media and it formed new society, internet is not mixed with society where we live, so it caused many problems. We can accept tremendous information via internet because people in all over the knowledge base could share their information on network. However, as much as there is a lot of knowledge, in internet there is also information not true and useless. Also, since internet was popularized, many illegal crimes have been happened through internet. These crimes committed through the use of computer are called cybercr ime.Cybercrime is a real and growing problem that costs governments, businesses, and individual computer users millions of dollars annually and that facilitates many of the same crimes committed in real space, such as identity theft and the trafficking of child pornography, only on a larger scale (Jones, 2007). The Internet Crime distemper Center (IC3) revealed the U. S. A. lost about 240 million dollars from online crime during 2007 Find out how our expert screen writers can help you with your work Financial losses from online crime reported to U. S. uthorities reached a criminal record high last year, topping nearly 240 million dollar. Taking into account unreported crimes the real physique is likely to be much higher. Auction fraud and other forms of cybercrime reported to the Internet Crime Complaint Center were up 40 million or 20 per cent from those reported in 2006. The IC3 certain 206,884 complaints about internet crimes last year, more than 90,000 of which were referre d to law enforcement agencies across the U. S. IC3, which serves as a clearing home base for cybercrime, is a joint operation between the FBI and the National White Collar Crime Center.Although internet vendue fraud was the most widely reported complaint to the IC3, other problem areas included non-delivery of purchases and credit beak fraud. Computer hacking attacks spam and child abuse on the net formed the subject of other complaints. normally reported scams involved the purchase or sale of pets, cheque fraud, email spam, and online dating fraud. The report provides picture that the U. K. is fast catching up with the U. S. in being a hotbed of cybercrime. Despite the fact that the IC3 study is supposedly a national US annual report, the UK is the source of 15. per cent of the crime reports, significantly ahead of other cybercrime hotspots such as Nigeria (Leyden, 2008). It is also commonly happened to be invaded persons privacy and personal information on network. According to a survey of 1,000 U. S. adults conducted by TNS Sofres on behalf of digital-security company Gemalto (2008), about 60% of Americans are concerned about stealing their account passwords when they bank online, and 38% do not believe online payments (cited in Swartz, 2008). Advertising Advertising is a part of mass media.Market of advertisement has been developed as much as we can see an advertisement per one minute. Nowadays most products make up of advertisement because each product has to be sold in infinity competition society. Now customers live in the photoflood of advertising. From the moment of opening eyes to going to bed, people are connected with advertising through television, radio, newspapers, magazines and catalogs. charitable Communication research (1998) shows one adult can contact to 3,000 advertising during one day and he or she can memorize just 10 out of 3,000 (cited in Kim, 2000, p. 4). The market of advertisements has been developed. However, the problem of ad vertisements are inherent in function of information, entertain and persuasion, so they may not only make peoples life style changed but also promote decadent culture like alcohol, fag and sex. You can get expert help with your essays right now. Find out more Ellickson et al (2005) canvas about how much advertising will affect to adolescents Ellickson and other authors examine the relationship exposure to distinct forms of alcohol advertisingand subsequent drinking among U.S. adolescents and assess whether exposure to an alcohol and drug prevention program mitigates any such relationship. The sample includes 3111 seventh- placers drawn from 41 South Dakota middle schools, and they are exposed to television beer advertising, variables were constructed for quatern types of alcohol advertising television, in store displays, magazines and concession stands. The result of this experience is several forms of alcohol advertising predict adolescent drinking which sources dominate depen ds on the childs prior experience with alcohol.Forty-eight percent of the non-drinkers in grade 7 qualified as past-year drinkers by the spring of ninth grade, indicating a substantial amount of commencement over the period examined. (pp. 235-246). Like this, advertising affects to people, especially adolescents a lot. Actually advertising has a great of influence on customers and society. For example, there is a study that skinny models in advertising cause have disorder of women and girl, so some countries took measures to ban ultra-skinny models from their catwalks (Diderich, 2007).People can meet the extreme number of advertising everyday, so advertising has to be made without exaggeration and fiction. Janese Heavin (2007) who is the Tribunes staff, wrote the article about a study University of Missouri-Columbia research said that looking at pictures of flawless models in fashion magazines can make even the prettiest women regain downright crummy. Laurie Mintz, associate prof essor of education, school and counseling psychology in the MU College of Education said most women know intuitively or subconsciously that when they look at magazines they will whole step badly about themselves.The study validates what women know in their own experiences but assume it is just theirs to deal with. Spearheaded by calibrate student Emily Hamilton, who used the project to earn her masters degree, the study asked 81 college women to rate how they feel about their appearance, from facial features to chest size. Some of the women were then asked to view magazine advertisements that used fashion models to address products. Others looked at ads that showed products with no models.Those who saw the images of fashion models later reported having a more negative luggage compartment image, regardless of their own attractiveness. This study shows women were equally affected by the images. It is been commonly believed that larger women or women assay with eating disorders fe el worse after seeing pictures of models, but the latest study indicates the images are bad for everyone. In conclusion, people have to be careful when accepting mass medias information.There are not simple solutions to solve the problem of media. These problems of mass media like television, internet and advertising have bad effects on people especially the accurateion of self during childhood. People should try to accept right information through mass media. Therefore, they need to improve critical thoughts for filtering correct acknowledge. Critical thinking might be helpful to accept which information is needed to us. Critical thinking is mental processes of distinguish, analysis and evaluation.Critical thinking is a form of judgment, specifically meaningful and ruminative judgment. Using critical thinking one makes a conclusiveness or solves the problem of judging what to believe or what to do, but does so in a reflective way (Critical thinking, 2008). People have the right to criticize and punish media which is to destroy our emotion and ethics. People have to improve power of judgment. If people have ability to control information in this information-oriented society, they may have precedence over other people who do not have.Need an essay? You canbuy essay helpfrom us today Custom essay QUOTE ORDER a custom essay Please rate the quality of this essay Good Neutral Poor Struggling with your essay? You can get your essay custom written by an expert in your subject area. Fully researched and referenced, the perfect model answer Get a quote here Share & download Print download Email Request the removal of this essay. Find out how UK Read morehttp//www. ukessays. com/essays/media/mass-media-society. phpixzz2QiFaMPxA