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Assume,. for. example,. that. the. encoder. generates. 600. pulses. per. revolution,. and. it. takes. 000. motor. revolutions. to. move. the. platform. from. one. position. to. another,. moving. the. platform. from. position. . to. position. 6. (5. positions). takes. 5000. motor. revolutions. or. 30,000. encoder. pulses.. In. most. practical. applications,. the. frequency. of. these. pulses. is. too. high. for. them. to. be. counted. with. inputs. that. are. not. associated. with. a. highspeed. counter.. Interrupts. S7-200. PLCs. incorporate. instructions. for. use. with. interrupts.. Interrupts. are. used. to. initiate. a. specific,. hort. PLC. program. segment,. called. an. interrupt. routine,. when. an. internal. or. external. event. occurs.. After. the. interrupt. routine. has. been. executed,. control. is. returned. to. the. main. program. Three. types. of. interrupts. are. supported. by. S7-200. PLCs,. communication port interrupts,. I/O interrupts,. and. timebased interrupts .. Communication. port. interrupts. are. used. to. control. a. communication. port. operated. in. Freeport. mode.. I/O. interrupts. are. used. to. respond. quickly. to. high-speed. I/O. transitions,. such. as. those. associated. with. high-speed. counters. or. pulse. train. outputs..Time-based. interrupts. allow. the. user. program. to. execute. an. interrupt. routine. on. a. cyclic. basis. Each. of. these. types. of. interrupts. has. an. associated. priority. that. determines. which. interrupt. is. processed. first. in. the. event. that. two. or. more. interrupts. are. requested. at. the. same. time.. Communication. port. interrupts. have. the. highest. priority. and. time-based. interrupts. have. the. lowest. priority. Pulse Training Output (PTO). S7-200. PLCs. have. two. PTO/PWM generators. that. create. either. a. high-speed. pulse. train. or. a. pulse. width. modulated. waveform.. One. generator. is. assigned. o. output. point. Q0. 0. and. the. other. to. output. point. Q0. .. When. a. generator. is. activated,. it. controls. its. respective. output. Pulse Train Output (PTO). is. used. to. provide. a. series. of. pulses. to. an. output. device,. such. as. a. stepper. motor. driver.. The. PTO. provides. a. square. wave. output. for. a. specified. number. of. pulses. and. a. specified. cycle. time.. The. number. of. pulses. can. be. from. . to. 4,294,967 ,295. pulses.. The. Pulse. Train. Output. has. a. 50%. duty. cycle.. This. means. the. pulse. is. off. for. the. same. amount. of. time. that. it. is. on. 63 The. number. of. pulses. and. he. cycle. time. can. be. changed. with. an. interrupt.. In. the. accompanying. example,. each. pulse. is. initially. on. for. 500. ms. and. off. for. 500. ms.. After. four. pulses,. an. interrupt. occurs. which. changes. the. cycle. time. to. 2. seconds,. . second. on. and. . second. off. . 1 sec 1 sec 500 ms Interrupt Occurs Pulse Width Modulation. (PWM) The. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) function. provides. a. fixed. cycle. time. with. a. variable. duty. cycle.. When. the. pulse. width. is. equal. to. the. cycle. time,. the. duty. cycle. is. 00%. and. the. output. is. turned. on. continuously.. In. the. following. example,. he. output. initially. has. a. 0%. duty. cycle. (on. 0%,. off. 90%).. After. an. interrupt,. the. output. switches. to. a. 50%. duty. cycle. (on. 50%,. off. 50%). On Off On Off 10% Duty Cycle 50% Duty Cycle Interrupt Occurs The. PWM. function. can. be. used. to. provide. a. programmable. or. adjustable. control. of. machine. timing.. This. allows. machine. operation. to. be. varied. to. compensate. for. product. variations. or. mechanical. wear. And Much More. The. instructions. listed. in. this. section. are. only. examples. of. the. types. of. instructions. available. for. S7-200. PLCs.. The. full. instruction. set. includes. a. uch. broader. range. of. capabilities.. Refer. to. the. S7-200. System. Manual. for. additional. information. 64 Specialized Expansion Modules In. addition. to. the. expansion. modules. previously. discussed. that. provide. additional. discrete. or. analog. I/O,. several. expansion. modules. are. available. to. provide. communication. interfaces. or. specialized. I/O. functions. EM 241 Modem Module One. of. these. modules. is. the EM 241 Modem module.. This. module. supports. communication. between. a. computer. with. STEP. 7. Micro/WIN. and. an. S7-200. PLC. SF/DIAG EM 241 MODEM 241-1AA22-0XA0 S7-200 PLC with EM 241 Modem ModuleModem Computer The. EM. 24. provides. an. international. telephone. line. interface. and. supports. sending. numeric. and. text. paging. messages,. as. well. as. SMS. (Short. Message. Service). messages. to. cellular. phones.. This. is. useful. for. remote. diagnostics. and. maintenance,. machine. control,. alarm. systems,. and. general. communication. functions. In. addition. to. CPU-to-CPU. communication. via. a. telephone. line,. the. EM. 24. also. supports. Modbus. RTU. protocol,. a. protocol . that. has. been. widely. used. for. many. years. SINAUT MD 720-3 GSM/GPRS Modem Module SINAUT Telecontrol (Siemens Network Automation). ermits networking. of. individual. controls. and. control. systems. over. a. WAN. (Wide. Area. Network).. One. approach. for. providing. this. capability. is. SINAUT Micro.. This. is. a. simple. and. flexible. way. to. link. stationary. or. mobile. stations. to. a. master. control. center.. SINAUT. Micro. is. appropriate. where. smaller. amounts. of. data. have. to. be. transmitted. to. permit. monitoring. and. control. of. remote. stations. using. wireless. techniques. with. the. General. Packet. Radio. Service. (GPRS). of. the. Global. System. for. Mobile. Communication. (GSM). mobile. radio. network.. 65 The.SINAUT MD720-3 GSM/GPRS Modem module. and. associated. ANT794-4MR antenna. are. the. hardware. elements. used. to. connect. an. S7-200. PLC. into. a. SINAUT. Micro. system.. SINAUT Micro SC software. is. also. required. WinCC flexiible, Win CC SET S O C RS232 X1 SINAUT MD720-3 720-3AA00 SINAUT MD 720-3 GSM/GPRS Modem Module Antenna CP 243-1, CP 243-1 IT Communication Processors. Industrial. Ethernet. provides. a. proven. means. of. networking computers. and. a. variety. of. intelligent. devices.. CP 243-1 and CP 243-1 IT communication processors. are. used. to. connect. an. S7-200. PLC. to. an. Industrial Ethernet network. CP. 43-. and. CP. 243-. IT. communication. processors. can. be. used. to. connect. an. S7-200. PLC. via. Industrial. Ethernet. to. a. computer. running. STEP. 7. Micro/WIN.. This. allows. the. S7-200. PLC. to. be. configured,. programmed,. and. diagnosed. remotely.. In. addition,. an. S7-200. PLC. connected. to. an. Industrial. Ethernet. network. can. communicate. with. S7-200,. S7-300,. and. S7-400. PLCs. and. a. variety. of. other. devices. The. IT. functions. of. the. CP. 243-. IT. Internet. module. simplify. the. process. of. setting. up. a. control. system. that. can. email. diagnostic. infor mation. or. transfer. files. using.Internet. protocols. S7-200 PLC with CP 243-1 or CP 243-1 IT Communication Processor SF/DIAG SIMATIC S7-300 PLC CP 243-1 Ethernet CP 243-1EX00-0XE0 Industrial Ethernet Programming Device (PG) or Computer SIMATIC S7-400 PLC 66 EM 277 PROFIBUS-DP. Module. PROFIBUS DP. is. an. open,. international. fieldbus. communication standard. that. allows. a. broad. range. of. intelligent. devices. from. various. manufacturers. to. communicate. rapidly. and. efficiently.. This. reduces. wiring. costs. as. well. as. start-up. and. maintenance. expenses.. EM 277 PROFIBUS-DP module. allows. connection. of. the. S7-200. CPU. (CPU. 222. and. above). o. a. PROFIBUS-DP. network. as. a. slave.. Non-Siemens Controllers Other Intelligent Devices and Systems S7-200 PLC with EM 277 PROFIBUS DP Module SIMATIC S7 – 200 SF/DIAG RUN STOP 0 Other SIMATIC Controllers 2 4 0 2 8 X10 6 8 00 . 0 . 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 01 . 0 . 1 CPU 224 AC/DC/RLY X1 6 4 EM 277 PROFIBUS-DP CPU FAULT POWER DP ERROR DX MODE I0 .0 . 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 I1 .0 . 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 PORT 0 PROFIBUS DP I/O Systems Display Systems Computers CP 243-2 AS-Interface Master Module Actuator Sensor Interface (AS-Interface or AS-i). is. a. system for. networking. field. devices. such. as. sensors. and. actuators. ith. control. and. operator. interface. devices.. AS-i. replaces. the. extensive. parallel. wiring. often. used. to. connect. sensors. and. actuators. to. controllers. with. a. simple. 2-core. cable.. The. cable. is. designed. so. that. devices. can. only. be. connected. correctly. CP 243-2 AS-Interface Master module. allows. connection. of. the. S7-200. CPU. (CPU. 222. and. above). to. a. AS-I. network. as. a. master.. S7-200 PLC with CP 243-2 AS-Interface Master Module SIMATIC S7 – 200 SF/DIAG RUN STOP 00 . 0 . 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 01 . 0 . 1 CPU 224 AC/DC/RLY CM CER PWR APF SF B SET AS-Interface Master CP 243-2 AUP 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 7 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 31 I0 .0 . 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 I1 .0 . 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 DISPLAY 6GK7 243-2AX01-0XA0 AS-Interface Power Supply Slaves Repeater AS-Interface Power Supply Slaves PORT 0 100 meters S7-200 PLC with CP 243-2 AS-Interface Master Module SIMATIC S7 – 200 SF/DIAG RUN STOP 00 . 0 . 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 01 . 0 . 1 100 meters CPU 224 AC/DC/RLY CM CER PWR APF SF B SET AS-Interface Master CP 243-2 AUP 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 31 AS-Interface Power Supply Slaves Slaves AS-Interface Extension PlugI0 .0 . 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 I1 .0 . 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 DISPLAY 6GK7 243-2AX01-0XA0 PORT 0 200 meters 67 EM 253 Position Module. Position. control. describes. a. range. of. applications. that. involve. movement. with. varying. degrees. of. precision.. The. EM 253 Position module. is. a. simple. but. powerful. positioning. module. that. enables. the. user. to. control. position. sys tems. from. microsteppers. to. intelligent. servo. drives. (with. integrated. closed-loop. control). SF/DIAG MF MG P0 DIS P1 CLR PWR EM 253 Position STP ZP LMT RPS – + 253-1AA22-0XA0 S7-200 PLC with EM 253 Position Module EM 253 Features. Features. f. the. module. include: †¢. †¢. †¢. †¢. †¢. †¢. †¢. †¢. †¢. Provides. high-speed. control. with. a. range. from. 20. to.. 200,000. pulse. per. second Supports. both. S. curve. or. linear. acceleration. and. deceleration Provides. a. configurable. measuring. system. that. allows. you. to. enter. data. as. engineering. units. (such. as. inches. or. centimeters). or. as. a. number. of. pulses Provides. configurable. backlash. compensation Supports. absolute,. relative,. and. manual. methods. of. position. control Provides. continuous. operation Provides. up. to. 25. motion. profiles. with. up. to. 4. speed. changes. per. profile Provides. our. different. reference-point. seek. modes. with. a. choice. of. the. starting. seek. direction. and. final. approach. direction. for. each. sequence Provides. removable. field. wiring. connectors. for. easy. installation. and. removal 68 Expansion Modules for Temperature Measurement Two. S7-200. PLC. expansion. modules. are. available. for. accurate temperature. measurement, EM 231 Thermocouple module and EM 231 RTD module. EM. 23. Thermocouple. module. provides. analog. inputs. for. thermocouples.. A. thermocouple. is. a. temperature. sensor. made. from. two. dissimilar. metals. joined. at. a. point. called. a. junction..A. thermocouple. produces. a. small. voltage. that. is. dependent. upon. temperature.. Various. types. of. thermocouples. are. available. for. use. in. different. temperature. ranges.. Two. versions. of. EM. 23. Thermocouple. modules. are. available,. one. for. four. thermocouples. and. one. for. eight. thermocouples.. Each. version. is. compatible. with. J,. K,. T,. E,. R,. S,. or. N. thermocouples,. but. the . thermocouples. used. with. a. specific. module. must. be. of. the. same. type. EM. 23. RTD. module. provides. analog. inputs. for. resistance temperature detectors (RTDs).. An. RTD. is. a. temperature. sensor. made. rom. a. metal,. such. as. platinum,. nickel,. or. copper,. that. varies. in. resistance. in. a. predictable. manner. as. temperature. varies.. Two. versions. of. the. EM. 23. RTD. module. are. available,. one. with. two. analog. inputs. and. one. with. four. analog. inputs.. Either. version. can. be. used. with. a. variety. of. RTD. types,. but. the. RTDs. used. with. a. specific. module. must. be. of. the. same. type. SIMATIC S7 – 200 SF/DIAG RUN STOP 00 . 0 . 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 01 . 0 . 1 CPU 224 AC/DC/RLY +24 VDC SF EM 231 AI4 – TC I0 .0 . 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 I1 .0 . 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 243-7PD22-0XA0 PORT 0S7-200 PLC with EM 231 Expansion Module A+ A- B+ B- C+ C- D+ D- A+ A- a+ a- B+ B- b+ b- M L+ Configuration M L+ Configuration + 24 VDC Refer to the S7-200 Programmable Controller System Manual for Configuration DIP Switch Positions + 24 VDC Refer to the S7-200 Programmable Controller System Manual for Configuration DIP Switch Positions EM 231 Thermocouple module, 4 Input Version EM 231 RTD module, 2 Input Version 69 SIWAREX MS Weighing Module SIWAREX MS Weighing module provides.. a. simple,. easy to. install. approach. for. weighing. and. force. measurement. applications.. SWAREX. MS. Weighing. module. is. designed. to. measure. the. oltage. produced. by. sensors. commonly. used. to. measure. weight,. force,. or. torque. SIWAREX. MS. is. easily. integrated. into. an. S7-200. PLC. system. as. an. expansion. module.. This. makes. information. obtained. from. SIWAREX. MS. available. to. other. components. of. the. automation. system.. In. addition,. Siemens. offers. a. wide. variety. of. compatible. sensors. and. other. components. S7-200 PLC with SIWAREX MS Module SIMATIC S7 – 200 SF/DIAG RUN STOP 00 . 0 . 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 01 .0 . 1 CPU 224XP DC/DC/DC SF I NET p —I SIWAREX MS ->00< >< T Tp T o SIWAREX R Load Cell Touch Panel TP 177micro 0 Review 6 .. Three. types. of. SIMATIC. counters. available. in. the. S7-200. instruction. set. are. ____________,. ____________. and. ____________. 2†¦ CPU. 22. and. CPU. 222. support. ____. high. speed. counters.. CPU. 224,. CPU. 224XP ,. CPU. 224XPsi,. and. CPU. 226. support. ____. high. speed. counters. 3.. S7-200. PLCs. have. two. ___________. that. create. either. a. high-speed. pulse. train. or. a. pulse-width. modulated. waveform. 4.. ________. and. ________. communication. processors. are. used. to. connect. an. S7-200. PLC. to. an. Industrial. Ethernet. network. 5.. _________. module. allows. connection. of. an.S7-200. CPU. (CPU222. and. above). to. a. PROFIBUS-DP. network. as. a. slave. 6.. _________. module. allows. connection. of. an. S7-200. CPU. (CPU222. and. above). to. an. AS-I. network. as. a. master. 7 .. Two. v ersions. of. EM. 23. Thermocouple. module. are. available,. one. for. ____. thermocouples. and. one. for. ____. thermocouples. 8.. Two. versions. of. EM. 23. RTD. module. are. available,. one. for. ____. RTDs. and. one. for. ____. RTDs. 7 Review Answers Review 1 Review 2. . Review 3. Review 4. ). a:. input. module,. b:. CPU,. c:. output. module,. d:. programming. device,. e:. operator. interface;. 2). 2;. 3). 6;. 4). 00,. 000. 0000,. A. ). discrete;. 2). discrete;. 3). CPU;. 4). Ladder. logic;. 5). Statement. list,. function. block. diagrams;. 6). scan;. 7)024;. 8). firmware; 9). RS-485. ). CPU. 22,. CPU. 222,. CPU. 224,. CPU. 224XP ,. CPU. 224XPsi,. CPU. 226;. 2). b;. 3). 2,. 7;. 4). 8,. 6;. 5). 4,. 0;. 6). Q0. 3;. 7). DIN. ). a:. box,. b:. normally. open. contact,. c:. coil;. 2). AND. Function. -. a:. 0,. b:. 0,. c:. 0,. d:. ,. OR. Function. -. e:. 0,. f:. ,. g:. ,. h:. ;. 3). I0. ,. I0. 0,. Q0. 0. ). 224XP;. 2). On-Delay. Timer. (TON),. Retentive. On-Delay. Ti mer. (TONR),. Off-Delay. Timer. (TOF). ;. 3). 3276. 7. seconds;. ). Retentive. On-Delay. Timer. (TONR);. 5). On-Delay. Timer. (TON),. Off-Delay. Timer. (TOF),. Pulse. Timer. (TP). ). Count. Up. Counter. (CTU),. Count. Down. Counter. (CTD),. Count. Up/Down. Counter. (CTUD);. 2). 4,. 6;. 3). PTO/PWM. generators; 4). CP. 243-,. CP. 243-. IT;. 5). EM. 277. PROFIBUS-DP 6). CP. 243-2. AS-Interface. Master;. 7). 4,. 8;. 8). 2,. 4.. Review 5. Review 6. 72 73 Final Exam You. can. test. your. knowledge. by. taking. the. final. exam. for. this. course. online. at. http://www. usa. siemens. com/step.. This. web. page. provides. links. to. a. variety. of. our. quickSTEP. online. courses.. To. complete. he. final. exam. for. this. course,. click. on. the. Basics of PLCs. link.. Next,. move. your. mouse. over. to. the. left. so. that. the. navigation. bar. pops. out. and. select. the. Final Exam. link.. The. final. exam. page. will. appear.. Before. taking. the. final. exam,. it. is. recommende d. that. you. delete. the. temporary. files. on. your. computer.. For. most. versions. of. Internet Explorer,. you. can. do. this. by. selecting. Internet Options. from. the. Tools. menu. and. then. clicking. on. the. Delete Files. button.. If. you. do. not. perform. this. step,. you. may. see. a. score. of. 0%. after. you. submit. your. xam. for. grading. After. you. complete. the. final. exam,. click. on. the. Grade the Exam. button. at. the. bottom. of. the. page.. Your. score. on. the. exam. will. be. displayed. along. with. the. questions. that. you. missed.. If. you. score. 70%. or. better. on. the. exam,. you. will. be. given. two. options. for. displaying. and. printing. a. certificate. of. completion.. The. Print Certificate. option. allows. you. to. display. and. print. the. certificate. without. saving. your. score. in. our. database. and. the. Save Score. option. allows. you. to. save. your. score. and. display. and. print. your. certificate. 74

Bite Me: A Love Story Chapter 15

15. Head in the Clouds and Vice Versa TOMMY It was the words that brought Tommy back. For a week with the clutter of vampire cats, and for several weeks before, while trapped inside the bronze statue, the words had left Tommy. His mind had gone feral, as had his body after he escaped. For the first time since Jody had turned him, he turned to his instincts, and they had led him to the huge, shaved vampire cat Chet and his vampire progeny. Running with them he learned to use his vampire senses, had learned to be a hunter, and with them, he took blood prey for the first time: mice, rats, cats, dogs, and, yes, people. Chet was the alpha animal of the pack, Tommy the beta male, but Tommy was quickly reaching a level of where he would be a challenge to Chet's position. Ironically, it was Chet who led him back to the words, which led him back to his sanity. In the cloud, merged with the other animals, he felt what they felt, knew what they knew, and Chet knew words, put words to concepts and experiences the way a human did, the very thing that had kept Tommy from being able to turn to mist in the first place. As a human, with grammar hardwired into his brain, he put a word to everything, and as a writer, if he couldn't put a word to an experience it had no value for him. But to become mist, you simply had to BE. Words got in the way. They separated you from the condition. Feline Chet had not been a creature of words, as his kitty brain was not wired to file that kind of information, but as a vampire, a vampire sired by the prime vampire, his brain had changed, and concepts carried words for him now. As the cloud of hunters was streaming under the door to attack the Emperor (toward the smell of dog and recognition, for Chet had known the Emperor in life) the word â€Å"dog† fired across Chet's kitty mind, and in turn across the minds of all of the hunters, but for Tommy, it was transformational, as words, meaningless to the cats, cascaded across his mind, bringing with them memories, personality, identity. He materialized out of the cloud in the dark storeroom, where he could see the Emperor in heat signature, huddled in a corner, holding his knife at the ready. Even if the room had been light, Tommy moved so quickly it would have been hard for the Emperor to see what was happening. The vampire scooped up the old man, stuffed him into the barrel, crimped on the lid with a grip that crushed the metal edges, then placed the barrel so the weight would rest on the lid. Instinct and experience told Tommy that the hunters wouldn't find enough space inside to materialize as a whole, so even though the barrel was not air tight, the Emperor would be safe as long as the lid remained intact. There wasn't enough room in there, literally, to swing a cat, and that would save the old man. Tommy melted back into the cloud and moved out of the room, trying to will the concept of danger to the rest of the hunters, putting an image to Chet's word â€Å"dog† that the kitty minds would recognize, and slowly, the vampire cloud, its various tendrils having tested the room for prey and finding none accessible, snaked back under the door and away to look for blood that wasn't sealed so tight or smelled quite so dangerous. They streamed up the elevator shaft, through the building, and out onto the street, where a few cats and Tommy solidified and dropped out of the cloud. Tommy, self-conscious now, looked around, realizing that he was naked. Everything he'd experienced from the time he'd been released from the bronze shell was a sensory blur in his memory, now that he was thinking in words again. But he remembered the Emperor, who had been one of the first people he'd met in the City, and who had been kind to him; had in fact gotten him his job at the Safeway, where he'd met Jody. Jody. Both words and instinct overwhelmed him at the thought of her, memories of joy and pain as pure as the hunter state of mind. He searched in a whirlwind of words and images for a way to contain her. Jody. Need. That was the word. He'd need clothes and language to move in the world where he'd find Jody. He didn't know why he knew that, but he knew it. But first he needed to feed. He loped down the sidewalk after the hunter-cloud, tuned again for prey, and for the first time in weeks, the word blood lit up in his brain. The words brought him back. THE NOTORIOUS FOO DOG â€Å"Your car's all fucked up,† explained Cavuto. â€Å"I know,† said Stephen â€Å"Foo Dog† Wong. He stood aside and the two policemen walked by him into the loft. â€Å"Your jackets are done.† â€Å"Your apartment's all fucked up, too,† observed Cavuto, looking at the plywood fastened across the front of the loft where the windows used to be. â€Å"And full of rats,† added Rivera. â€Å"Dead rats,† said Cavuto, shaking one of the plastic boxes with the lid taped on. The rat inside rolled around like-well-like a dead rat. â€Å"They're not dead,† said Jared. â€Å"It's daytime. They're undead.† Jared wore a SCULL-FUCK SYMPHONY band T-shirt, over skin-tight black girl's jeans, with flesh-colored ACE elastic bandages running from midcalf to the midsole of his black Chuck Taylors. His Mohawk had been lacquered into magenta Statue of Liberty spikes. Cavuto looked at him and shook his head. â€Å"Kid, even in the gay community there are limits to tolerance.† â€Å"I hurt my ankles,† whined Jared. Foo nodded. â€Å"We've had a few rough days.† â€Å"I gathered,† said Rivera. â€Å"Where's your creepy girlfriend?† â€Å"She's not creepy,† said Jared. â€Å"She's complex.† â€Å"Home,† said Foo. â€Å"As was agreed in her black covenant with you,† said Jared, as ominously as he could manage. â€Å"Did you get an English accent all of a sudden?† asked Cavuto. â€Å"He does that when he wants to sound more Gothic,† said Foo. He was trying to stand in front of the ruins of the bronze statue of Jody and Tommy, but since it was twice his size, he only drew attention to it. Rivera pulled a pen from his jacket and ran it over the sawed edges of the bronze shell and pulled it back with the red-brown clot on it. â€Å"Mr. Wong, what the hell happened here?† â€Å"Nothing,† said Jared, without an English accent. Foo looked from one inspector to the other, hoping they would see how hopelessly smarter he was than them, and give up, but they wouldn't look away. They just kept looking at him like he was in trouble. He went to the futon that served as their couch, pushed a bunch of boxes of undead rats to the floor, sat down, and cradled his face in his hands. â€Å"I thought I'd found some kind of scientific bonanza, a new species, a new way for a species to reproduce-hell, maybe I have, but everything's so out of control. The fucking magic!† Rivera and Cavuto moved to the middle of the room, and stood over Foo. Rivera reached down and squeezed his shoulder. â€Å"Focus, Stephen. What happened here? Why is there blood all over that statue?† â€Å"They were in there. Tommy and Jody. Abby and I had them bronzed when they were out during the day.† â€Å"Then they never left town like you said?† asked Cavuto. â€Å"No, they had been in there all the time. Abby said that it wouldn't be bad for them, that when they were in mist form it was like they were dreaming. Mist form! What the hell is that? It's not possible.† â€Å"And you felt bad so you cut them out?† said Rivera. â€Å"No, Jared let Jody out.† â€Å"Totally by accident,† said Jared. â€Å"She was kind of a bitch about it, too.† Foo explained about Jared releasing Jody, Abby and Jody releasing Tommy, Jody throwing Tommy through the windows, and Tommy running off into the night, naked. â€Å"So he's out there,† Foo said. â€Å"They're both out there.† â€Å"We know,† said Cavuto. â€Å"You do?† Foo looked up for the first time. â€Å"You knew?† â€Å"She was seen at the Fairmont Hotel, and we found bags of blood in a room there. We'll find her. But the Emperor saw Tommy Flood, naked, sleeping with all the vampire cats. He said that the one cat, Chet, isn't really a cat anymore. Explain that, science boy.† Foo nodded. â€Å"I figured something like that might happen. The rats are smarter.† â€Å"That helps,† said Cavuto. â€Å"No, what I've found is that the vampire blood carries characteristics of the host species. The further from the prime vampire, the old vampire that turned Jody, or that's who we think is the prime vampire, the less change takes place. Abby said that Chet was turned by the prime vampire, so he's picking up human characteristics. He's going to be stronger, bigger, smarter than any of the cat vampires. He's turning into something new.† â€Å"Something new?† â€Å"Yeah. We found it with the rats. The first ones I turned from Jody's blood are smarter than the ones I turned from those rats' blood. Each generation away from her is less and less intelligent. I mean, we haven't had time to really test them, but in just the amount of time it takes them to learn the mazes, it's clear that the innate intelligence is higher in those closer to the human vampire sire. And they're stronger, because Jody was only one generation from the prime vampire. I thought I'd figured an algorithm that described it, but then they all turned to mist and merged and fucked up everything.† â€Å"Sure,† said Cavuto, â€Å"we'll nod and act like we have some idea of what you're talking about until you tell us what the hell you're actually talking about.† Foo got up and waved for them to follow him into the bedroom. There was a plywood maze that covered the entire bed, with small blue LEDs dimly lighting every intersection. A sheet of Plexiglas covered the top. â€Å"The UV LEDs are to keep them from turning to mist and escaping the maze,† Foo said. â€Å"It's not enough to hurt them, just keep them solid.† â€Å"Oh good, a toy city,† said Cavuto. â€Å"We have time for this.† Foo ignored him. â€Å"The rats who were turned from Jody's blood learned the maze more quickly, and remembered it faster than the ones turned from rat blood. It was consistent, until they all got loose and merged into a single cloud. After that, they all knew the maze, even if we had never put them in it.† Rivera bent down and pretended to be examining the maze. â€Å"What are you saying, Stephen?† â€Å"I think that they share a consciousness when they are together in mist form. What one knows, the others know. After they had merged, they all knew the maze.† Rivera looked at Cavuto and raised his eyebrows. â€Å"The Emperor thought that Tommy Flood was in the same cloud as the vampire cats.† â€Å"We're fucked,† said Cavuto. Rivera looked at Foo for confirmation. â€Å"Are we fucked?† Foo shrugged, â€Å"Well, from what I could tell, Tommy wasn't really that bright.† Rivera nodded. â€Å"Uh-huh, and if your girlfriend didn't have a crush on him, would we be fucked?† Foo flinched a little, then recovered. â€Å"I think they'd be limited by the brain capacity of the species, so the vampire cats would be still be cats, but they'd be very smart. Chet, on the other hand-â€Å" â€Å"We're fucked,† said Cavuto. â€Å"Say it.† â€Å"Scientifically speaking, yes,† said Jared, who stood in the doorway of the bedroom. â€Å"How do we stop them?† asked Rivera. â€Å"Sunlight. UV light will do it,† said Foo. â€Å"You have to find them while they're dormant or they'll just run away. They're not invulnerable to physical damage. If they're dismembered or decapitated it will kill them.† â€Å"You did experiments on that?† asked Cavuto. Foo shook his head. â€Å"We had some accidents when we were trying to get them back in their cages, but I'm basing that hypothesis on Abby's description of the swordsman who showed up in the street.† â€Å"He sounds badass,† said Jared. â€Å"Did you find him?† Cavuto took Jared by a hair spike, steered him into the corner, faced him there, then turned back to Foo. â€Å"So, these jackets you made us, they'll take them out?† â€Å"If you're close enough. I'd say they're lethal to about twelve feet. I suppose I can rig something higher intensity, like a high-capacity UV laser flashlight. You could cut them down from a distance with something like that.† â€Å"Light sabers!† said Jared, his voice going up. He hopped around in excitement, then winced at the pain in his ankles. â€Å"Ouch.† â€Å"That's it,† said Cavuto. â€Å"You're too much of a nerd to be gay. I'm contacting the committee. They'll revoke your rainbow flag and you will not be permitted anywhere near the parade.† â€Å"There's a committee?† â€Å"No,† said Rivera. â€Å"He's fucking with you.† Rivera turned back to Foo. â€Å"What about something that will work on a wider basis-like a vaccine or something?† Foo thought for a second. â€Å"Sure, what is it, Tuesday? I'm curing Ebola in the morning, but I can work on your vampire vaccine after lunch.† Rivera smiled. â€Å"People are dying, Steve. Lots of people. And the only people who have a chance to stop it are in this room.† â€Å"Not you,† Cavuto said to Jared. â€Å"Bitch,† Jared replied. â€Å"I'll work on it,† said Foo. â€Å"But it's not as bad as you think it is.† â€Å"Brighten our day, kid,† said Cavuto. â€Å"They can't all handle it. Four out of every ten animals that are turned vampire don't survive to the second night. They either just break down on the spot-sort of decay from the inside, or they go crazy-it's like the heightened senses overwhelm them and they just have sort of a seizure that scrambles their brains and they end up with no survival instincts. They don't feed or hide from the light. The first sunrise after they're turned burns them up. It's like accelerated evolution, taking out the weak the very first day.† â€Å"So you're telling me what?† â€Å"The cat cloud won't grow exponentially. And the only way it will pass to other species is if they bite their attacker during the attack and ingest vampire blood-that's why you haven't had any more human vampires.† â€Å"Then why no dog vampires?† asked Cavuto. â€Å"I'm guessing the cats tear them apart before they change,† said Foo. â€Å"I'm not a behavioral guy, but I'd guess there's no brotherhood among vampires. If you're a vampire cat, you're essentially still a cat. If you're a vampire dog, you're still a dog.† â€Å"Except for Chet,† said Rivera. â€Å"Who is kind of a cat plus something else.† â€Å"Well, there are anomalies,† said Foo. â€Å"I told you, this is very fuzzy science. I don't like it.† Rivera's phone chirped and he flipped it open and looked at the screen. â€Å"The Animals,† he said. â€Å"And?† asked Cavuto. â€Å"They're at a butcher shop in Chinatown. They say they have a way to kill the vampires but they can't find them.† â€Å"We can take them Marvin. Tell them we're on the way.† Rivera held the phone like it was a foul dead thing. â€Å"I don't know how.† Foo snatched the phone out of Rivera's hand, nine-keyed a message, hit SEND, and handed it back. â€Å"There, you're on the way. I thought you said the only people who could fix this were in this room.† â€Å"They are, and now they're leaving.† â€Å"Don't forget your sun jackets,† said Jared. â€Å"We charged the batteries and everything. Do you think you'll be able to turn them on, or should I come along to help?† â€Å"He's a kid.† Rivera grabbed Cavuto's arm. â€Å"You can't hit him.† â€Å"That's it, kid. You're out of the tribe. If I hear you've touched a penis, even your own, I'm sending you to butch lesbian jail.† â€Å"They have that?† Rivera looked past his partner at Jared and nodded, slowly, seriously. KATUSUMI OKATA The burned-up white girl was not healing very quickly and Okata was running out of blood. All he seemed to do was watch her, sketch her, and squeeze his blood into her mouth. While her red hair had returned, and most of the ash had flaked away to reveal white skin underneath, she was still wraith-thin, and she only seemed to breathe two or three times an hour. During the day, she didn't breathe at all, and he thought that she might be dead forever. She had not opened her eyes, and had made no sound except a low moan when he was feeding her, which subsided as soon as he stopped. He was not feeling well himself, and on the second day he became light-headed and passed out on the mat beside her. If she did come alive as a demon, he'd be too weak to defend himself and she would drain the last drops of his life. Strangely, he was not okay with that. He needed to eat and recover and she needed more blood. â€Å"We will have to find a balance,† he said to the white girl in Japanese. He had been talking to her more lately, and found that he no longer flinched at the sound of his voice inside the little apartment that had been without a human voice for so long. A balance. When it was light and she had been still for an hour, he locked up his little apartment, took his sword, and walked into Chinatown, feeling ashamed of the little, old-man steps he was taking because he had become so weak. Perhaps he would actually go into a restaurant and have some tea and noodles, sit until his strength returned. Then he would find a better way to feed the burned-up white girl. He only spoke a dozen words of Cantonese, despite having lived near Chinatown for forty years. They were the same dozen words he spoke in English. He told his students at the dojo it was because Bushido and the Japanese language were inseparable, but in fact, it was because he was stubborn and didn't really like talking to people. His words were: hello, good-bye, yes, no, please, thank you, okay, sorry, and suck my dick. He made it a rule, however, to only say the last three in junction with please and/or thank you, and had only broken that rule once, when a thug in the Tenderloin tried to take his sword and Okata forgot to say please before fracturing the man's skull with the sheathed katana. Sorry, he'd said. It had been over a week since Okata had been to the dojo in Japantown. His students would think he was testing them, and when the time came to face them, he would say through his translator that they should learn to sit. Should learn patience. Should anticipate nothing. Anticipation was desire and didn't the Buddha teach that desire was the cause of all suffering? Then he would proceed to trounce each and every one of them with the bamboo shinai as an object lesson in suffering. Thank you. He didn't care much for prepared Chinese food, but Japantown was too far to walk, and Japanese food in his neighborhood was too expensive. But noodles are noodles. He'd eat just enough to get his strength back, then he would buy a fish, maybe some beef to help replace his blood, and take them home and prepare them. After he slurped down three bowls of soba and drank a pot of green tea at a restaurant named Soup, he made his way to the butcher. Near the old man who sat on a milk crate playing a Gaohu, a two-string, upright fiddle that approximated the sound of someone hurting a cat, the swordsman passed two policemen, who had paused as if considering whether they should give money to the old fiddler or whether it might not be better for everyone if they just Tased him. They smiled and nodded to Okata and he smiled back. They were mildly amused by the little man in the too-short plaid slacks, fluorescent orange socks, and an orange porkpie hat, who they had seen walking the City since they were boys. It never occurred to them that he was anything but an eccentric street person, or that the walking stick with which he measured his easy strolls, wasn't a walking stick at all. It took considerable pointing and pantomime to get the Chinese butcher to understand that he wanted to buy blood, but once he did, Okata was surprised to find out not only was it available, but it was available in flavors: pig, chicken, cow, and turtle. Turtle? Not for his burned-up white girl. How dare the butcher even suggest such a thing? She would have beef, and maybe a quart or two of pig, because Okata remembered reading once that human flesh was called â€Å"long pig† by Pacific island cannibals, so pig blood might be more to her liking. The butcher taped the lids on eight, one-quart plastic containers containing all the nonturtle blood he had, then carefully stacked them in a shopping bag and handed them to a woman at the cash register. Okata paid her the amount on the register, picked up the bag, and was pocketing the change when someone tapped him on the shoulder. He turned. No one there. Then he looked down: a tiny Chinese grandmother dressed in thug-wear that made her look vaguely like a hip-hop Yoda. She said something to him in Cantonese, then said something to the butcher, then to the woman behind the counter, who pointed at the shopping bag, then she said something else to Okata. Then she put a hand on his shopping bag. â€Å"Thank you,† Okata said in Cantonese. He bowed slightly. She didn't move. Being confronted by a Chinese grandmother while shopping in Chinatown was not unusual. In fact, more than once he'd had to push through a dog pile of Sino-matrons to simply buy a decent cabbage, but this one seemed to want what Okata had clearly already purchased. He smiled, bowed again, just slightly, said, â€Å"Good-bye,† and tried to push past her. She stepped in front of him, and he noticed, as he should have before, that a whole group of young men stepped in behind her; seven of them, Anglo, Hispanic, black, and Chinese, they all looked slightly stoned, but no less determined. The old lady barked something at him in Cantonese and tried to grab his bag. Then the young men behind her stepped up. THE ANIMALS â€Å"Have you been washed in the blood?† said Clint, the born-again ex-heroin addict to the detectives as they entered the butcher shop. He grinned over his shoulder. Clint was splattered head to toe with blood. Everyone in the shop was splattered with blood except the two uniform cops, who were trying to keep the three groups-the customers, the butchers, and the Animals-separated. They had the Animals lined up opposite the counter, facing the wall, their hands restrained with zip ties. â€Å"Inspector, these guys say they're supposed to meet you here,† said the younger of the uniforms, a gaunt, Hispanic guy named Muà ±ez. Rivera shook his head. â€Å"He started it,† said Lash Jefferson. â€Å"We were just minding our own business, and he rolled up on us all badass.† Rivera looked at the Asian officer, John Tan, who he'd worked with before when investigating a murder in Chinatown and had needed a translator. â€Å"What happened?† Tan shook his head and pushed his hat back on his head with the end of his riot baton. â€Å"Nobody's hurt. It's beef and pig blood. The butcher says these guys attacked a little old Japanese man, a regular customer, because he had bought the last of the beef blood.† â€Å"We needed it for bait,† said Lash. â€Å"You know, Inspector, like beer for slugs.† He winked. â€Å"You attacked an old man because he bought the last cow blood?† asked Cavuto. â€Å"He attacked us,† said Troy Lee. â€Å"We were just defending ourselves.† â€Å"He had a sword,† said Drew, who turned back around quickly. Officer Tan rolled his eyes at Rivera. â€Å"The butcher says the old man had a stick of some kind. He used it to defend himself.† â€Å"Just because he didn't draw it out of the scabbard doesn't meant it wasn't a sword,† said Jeff, the tall, blond jock. â€Å"It was a battle of honor,† said Troy Lee. â€Å"One little old guy with a stick, seven of you?† said Rivera. â€Å"Honor?† â€Å"He told my grandma to suck his dick,† said Troy. â€Å"Still,† said Cavuto. â€Å"But she said okay,† Troy said. â€Å"That shit is just wrong,† said Lash. Grandma, who was standing with the other outraged, blood-splattered customers across the butcher shop, fired off a volley of Cantonese at the policemen. Rivera looked to Officer Tan for translation. â€Å"She says she misunderstood what he was saying because his accent was so bad.† â€Å"Don't care,† said Rivera. â€Å"Where's the guy with the alleged stick?† â€Å"He ran out before we got here,† said Tan. â€Å"We called in backup, but we put the responding unit on finding the victim, when these guys didn't resist.† â€Å"Resistance is futile,† said Clint in a robot voice. â€Å"I thought you were Christian,† said Cavuto. â€Å"What, I can't love Jesus and Star Trek?† â€Å"Oh for fuck's sake. Rivera, let's just arrest these morons and-â€Å" Rivera held up his hand for silence. â€Å"Officer Tan, I'm afraid I do need them. You have their names if the stick guy shows up and wants to press charges. Have all those people leave their names with the butcher. These guys will pay for their dry cleaning.† â€Å"Yes, sir,† said Tan. â€Å"They're all yours. You want me to clip the restraints?† â€Å"Nope,† said Rivera. â€Å"Come along, boys.† He led the Animals, their hands cuffed behind their backs, out of the butcher shop and into the flow of the Stockton Street sidewalk-a river of people. â€Å"You'd better bring Troy Lee's grandma,† said Lash, rolling to the side as a vendor with a handtruck full of crates bumped by. â€Å"Yeah, Grandma has a secret weapon,† blurted out Troy Lee. â€Å"I heard,† said Cavuto. Jeff, the tall jock, said, â€Å"Hey, did anyone wonder why a little old Japanese guy would need eight quarts of animal blood?†

Essay about readings Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

About readings - Essay Example I always use to use my beloved site for at least 2 to 3 hours a day that comprises various activities of my interest. The most amazing thing about Facebook is that I am getting tremendous knowledge about the events going on around me as current affairs. I am not a big fan of politics. However, when I see funny side of politics shared by my friends, I start taking interest in politics naturally. I visit the posts of my friends to get some information about the general events or other technological advances. It has helped me a great deal in enhancing my knowledge and horizon. My association with Facebook was very similar to the attachment of (Gathman) with cell phones. His emotions were totally integrated with his phone that he loved so much. He discovered all the aspects of the phone to find out its versatility. He explained his association with the mobile in terms of calls, texts and other purposes. Same is the case with me and Facebook. I want to explore every bit of it. I keep searching for various entertainment, informative, and technological set ups on this social media. Facebook has some kind of psychological connection with me. Whenever, I get five minutes free from my classes, I use to open my beloved site from my mobile. I am very thankful to the university to provide the Wi-Fi internet service throughout the college that allows me to use the social media wherever I go in the campus. It is very easy to open the ‘Home’ page and start navigating from top to bottom. It’s a great feeling whenever the theme of Facebook appears in front of my eyes. It gives me feelings of satisfaction and removes my boredom. Visiting Facebook regularly has become the part and parcel of my daily activities. It feels like something is missing when I don’t visit my social media for some hours. Some kind of chasm starts appearing in the mind as I get far from my mobile phone for some

Phase5 IP Markets for Labor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Phase5 IP Markets for Labor - Essay Example For example, the cost for buying and diagnosing people with obesity and diabetes has reduced significantly because most people are trying to avoid unhealthy food due to higher cost of those foods (Gilman, 2008). The supply of cookbooks will fall/decrease significantly because an increase in tax leads to an increase in the cost of production because raw materials become expensive. This further leads to a decrease in consumption because consumers are rational and their aim is to maximise their utility as well as minimise cost. Therefore, increase in cost of unhealthy food will decrease consumption and supply (Spearman, n.d). Consumers are the ones who pay tax at the end because after the government has increased taxes, tax of certain commodities consumers pay this tax by buying the commodities. In above connection, this method may be good to finance health programs because it help to discourage consumption of unhealthy food which consequently reduces the cost that government incur on h ealth care facilities. This is because the cases of people with diabetes and obesity will reduce significantly. The other tax that government may use to increase revenues include: Income tax, corporate tax, capital gain tax, social security contribution tax, property tax, inheritance tax to mention just but a few. Income tax is levied/applied on individual earrings’ whereby; the state deducts certain amount of income that is within the tax brackets. On the contrary, corporate tax is the one that is levied on the company earnings while capital gain tax is the amount of tax levied on the earnings made after financial securities have been sold. Social security contribution is the amount levied on the amount that people contribute as savings under pension scheme. Property tax might be levied on individuals’ property such as land, real estates, motor vehicle among other non-current assets (Spearman, n.d). Part II Absolute advantage entails the ability of an organisation to produce goods and service more efficiently than its competitors using the same amount of resources as it competitor. An organisation with absolute advantage tends to have the ability to produce goods at a lower cost and later selling them at a profit. For example, if two companies have the same amount of resource but company A can produce 100kgs of wheat while company B can produce 50kgs, then company A may be said to have an absolute advantage over B. Therefore, in this case, the ability of Justcookbooks.com of becoming wildly successful in the United States presents an absolute advantage. On the other hand, comparative advantage entails the ability of a particular organisation to produce goods and services at a lower cost as compared to other firms. For example, if Japan can produce one car at 100 dollar and 1 motor bike at 40 dollars while U.S can produce the same car at 90 dollars and motor bike at 20 dollars then, it may be said that U.S has a comparative advantage of producing cars while Japan has a comparative advantage of producing motor bikes (Mike, 2013). When one focuses at becoming a multinational Corporation, one should be ready to face cultural and ethical issues, legal issues, human resource issues, etiquette and custom issues, political issues to mention just but a few. Cultural issues entail problems that arise due to increase in organisation diversity as a company goes global. Legal issues arise when a company must obey

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy - Research Proposal Example Thirty (30) women in the first trimester of gestation will be recruited from a local clinic to participate in this study. They will be randomly assigned to a control group and an experimental group. All the subjects will answer the Edinburgh Post Natal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Beck Depression Inventory- II (BDI-II) before and after they give birth and the Mother-Infant Attachment Scale (MIAS) as an additional post test after they give birth. The only difference will be that the experimental group will undergo CBT session once a week. Results will be compared to validate if CBT has been instrumental in helping the experimental group manage their PPS and attachment issues or not. Introduction This study purports to answer the research question: To what extent does Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) help women with postpartum depression and difficulty with attachment to their infant as compared to women who do not receive CBT? Postpartum depression (PPT) affects a growing number of new mothers and its consequences for both mother and infant can be damaging. It usually occurs within four weeks after the birth of the infant (O’Hara, 1997), and affects one in every seven new mothers, reflecting a prevalence rate of 13% (Wisner et al., 2006; O’Hara & Swain, 1996). The seriousness of the impact of PPD has been alarming, making it an important public health problem (Cuijpers et al., 2008). To prevent PPS, Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) has been known to be an effective intervention. It is a psychotherapeutic approach of training an individual to think of positive things instead of dwelling on the negative. Thus, it may provide significant impact on women with postpartum depression and difficulties with attachment to their infants. CBT can help the new mothers to understand how their thinking and behaviour affect their emotional state and this in turn affects their feelings and ability to attach to their babies. Review of Literature Depression Depr ession is associated with â€Å"feelings of extreme sadness† which not only last for long periods of time, but it is also recurrent and may further develop into suicidal tendencies (NHS, 2010). It is usually manifested with negative behaviors stemming from negative emotions. Sometimes, the person experiencing it is not even aware that he or she is undergoing depression. Its concept as a serious and debilitating illness, one which has had great impact globally, has become recognised within general medicine and the public eye in more recent times (NHS, 2010). In 1996, the World Bank published a report on the global burden of disease implicating the importance for the realisation that the impact of depression worldwide is vast. In 1990, 11 million sufferers of depression were identified in the US alone (Scott et al, 2003) . Cognitive Behavior Therapy Aaron Beck, one of the proponents of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), agrees that much of our psychological problems are caused b y â€Å"cognitive distortions† due to our acknowledged human fallibility. Individuals who undergo depression have belief systems or assumptions that may have developed from their negative early experiences which were not resolved well. Thus the negative experiences may have lead to the development of dysfunctional beliefs about the world, which may easily be triggered certain events (Field, 2000). Beck (1987) came up with the concept of â€Å"negative cognitive triad† that describes the pattern that triggers depression. In the first component of the triad, the client exhibits a negative view of himself. He is convinced that he is to blame for whatever pathetic state he is currently in because of his personal inadequacies. Secondly, the client shows negative view of

Education in practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Education in practice - Essay Example In working with my protg I tried to apply the knowledge I received while getting acquainted with the principles of teaching and learning developed by the most prominent of the contemporary theorists of the psychology of learning. According to the social learning theory, developed by Albert Bandura, people learn through the observation of others. Bandura (1977) states: "Learning would be exceedingly laborious, not to mention hazardous, if people had to rely solely on the effects of their own actions to inform them what to do. Fortunately, most human behavior is learned observationally through modeling: from observing others one forms an idea of how new behaviors are performed, and on later occasions this coded information serves as a guide for action." (p22). This theory is supported and developed by the social cognitive theory, which emphasizes the importance of beliefs, expectations and self-perception in the learning process. Social cognitive theory distinguishes between enactive and vicarious learning. Enactive learning is learning by doing and experiencing the consequences of your actions (self-regulation of behavior, goal directed behavior, self-monitoring), while vicarious is learning by observing othe rs.(Bandura, 1977). Considering the mechanism of training process described in this theory I used the vicarious learning strategy, giving my student the opportunity to observe how my colleagues and I are dealing with the difficulties we have to face, and introducing her to the problem-solving strategies we are using. I also emphasized the importance of self-control of the learning process for my protg, encouraged her to analyze the outcomes of it and plan it so that she would be able to complete all the needed academic work at a proper level, thus using the enactive learning strategy. According to the Jean Piaget's theory, one of the constructivist perspectives of learning, there are 2 sides of adaptation, adjustment to the new environment - assimilation, which is fitting new information into existing schemes, and accommodation stage, when he/she is altering existing schemes or creating new ones in response to new information the environment provides him/her. According to Piaget cognitive structures change through the processes of adaptation.( Brainerd, 1978) I tried to facilitate the adaptation process for my student, that's why I asked my colleagues to welcome her, explained them that she was coming there to learn, in the student role, and not as just another pair of hands. When my protg finally arrived I explained her I also was learning, and emphasized we had to work in collaboration and negotiate rather than building a mentor-student relations. To help the assimilation process to pass smoothly I introduced the student to the methods of our agency. Abraham Maslow said that humans had the hierarchy of needs, ranging from lower-level needs for survival and safety, to higher-level needs for intellectual achievement and finally self-actualization. According to his studies the higher level needs appeared only when the lower-level needs were satisfied.(Maslow, 1970). It is obvious that when a human being enters a new environment he/she is feeling himself/herself unprotected and endangered,

Two Questions 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Two Questions 3 - Essay Example Because of his inability to exert proper cost control, Lopez was relieved of his responsibilities in 2008, and Gabriella Garcia became head of Consumer Products Research. Garcia vowed to improve the performance of CPR and scaled back CPR’s development activities to obtain favorable financial performance reports. In terms of profit, Garcia did a better job than Lopez as a result of scaling back the project development. When profits are low and management is looking to cut costs, spending significant amounts of money on research and development is not the appropriate tactic. R&D is expensive and, as the timeline of two years from project initiation to implementation under Lopez demonstrates, there is no return on investment reflected in the financial statements until well after the products are brought to market. During times of low profit margins, development has to be scaled along with cost initiatives to keep management and investors satisfied. Even though Lopez developed good ideas, his efforts at cost control failed because there was no actual cost cutting and no immediate impact on revenues. While it could be argued that, given enough time, Lopez’s management would have yielded greater profits at lower costs. Management’s focus on profitability, however, precluded the comp any’s ability to focus on R&D to the extent that Lopez intended. Garcia, however, reduced—but did not eliminate—development while simultaneously focusing on cutting the costs related to current market offerings. This had an immediate impact on the company’s profitability and management was no-doubt pleased with the results. The issue here was time. It does take time to develop innovative products and bring them to market. This effort, however, cannot be the sole focus unless the company is currently in a strong financial position and can absorb the R&D costs until the new products are in place. Simply stated, the company could not afford