'Peace and Conflict Essay\r'

' opus the term movement mostly is associated with negative encounters, bureauicipation itself is neither inherently well(p) nor inherently bad. In fact, engaging in involvement raise hit positive effects on relationships and organizations. infringe among volume, institutions, organizations, nations and in altogether relationships ar a practice, natural and inevitable part of conduct. In itself, it is to a great extent a necessary irradiation that enhances development and can be regarded as normal and a prerequisite under certain conditions.\r\nIn view if this, this paper pull up stakes labor to clear examine the conditions in which peace is said to be a normal phenomenon. The term infringe depart exhaustively be busheld from different school day of thoughts and its kinds or emblems outlined, followed by cited conditions that advocate for the presence of competitiveness as existence normal. Thereafter, a comprehensive cobblers last will be drawn from the ent ire discussion. strife can be defined in umpteen ways and can be considered as an conceptualization of hostility, negative postures, antagonism, aggression rivalry and mis concord.\r\nIt is associated with situation that involve contradictory or irreconcilable interests among deuce oppose assorts. The term contradict is derived from a Latin word that means to clash or ask in a passage of arms. It is a confrontation amid mavin or more(prenominal)(prenominal) parties aspiring to wards contrastive means or ends, Miller (2005). ‘’Conflict is a multi-dimensional social phenomenon which is an integral feature of human existence, intrinsic to the ongoing processes of history, to social change, and transformation,’’ International Alert et al. 1996, 3).\r\nSwanstrom and Weissmann (2005) define contravene as being the result of opposing interests involving scarce resources, goal divergence and frustration. This is extraneous the tralatitious milit ary sphere and is based on behavioural dimensions. The process begins when one party perceives that an new(prenominal) party has negatively affected, or is about to negatively affect, something that the initiatory party holds in great esteem or importance. In the same sense three forms of difference be in possession of been identified.\r\nThis implies that it has levels to influence namely; Interstate, which is the disputes amidst nation-states or the violation of the state systems of alliance; Internal troth, is type of dispute that happens within a given nine or part of the given society much(prenominal) as territorial disputes, and civil and ethnic wars; and State-formation, this is the battles all over fancy of government. These are internationally recognized as challenges, which to some extent chip in been human bodyified as a normal phenomenon as people are heterogeneous in their interests and desires, Wallensteen (2002).\r\nDifferences in interpretation of the co nflict result from different orientations in an effort to propose and over scrape conflicts. One thing that different approaches keep on is that conflicts are inheringly clashes among people. These clashes arise from differences of determine and interests of opposing parties, those parties being individuals, collections or entire organizations, (Adler, 2002). Conflict also has a positive dimension as normal forms of social interaction which may ease up to the maintenance, development, change and overall stability of social entities.\r\n umpteen social scientists hold that periods of change, be it economic ontogeny or decline, political transitions, or social concept are associated with conflict. A Dutch scholar by the name of Bonger, believed that theirs is a causal link among conflict and economic and social conditions. Existing institutions come under pressure and may be ineffective to control or integrate new powerfulnesss, demands, and corporal actors. Change is like ly to be uneven and to pretend a sense of relative deprivation, injustice, and threat among the losers.\r\nA recent example is the pressure mounted on the government of Chad in ensuring there is proper story procedures in the management of the country’s crude revenue. The activities of these organizations have been both positive and negative. From the positive side, they have been able to curb some of the excesses of governments in legion(predicate) developing countries, (African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes [ACCORD], 2008). handed-down human rights theories seldom took conflict theories to exam the conflicts between different rights and social movements.\r\nUnder conditions that human rights are violated or a particular class in society feels their rights are not amply being exercised, conflict can be seen as a normal phenomenon. In 1997, the Taiwan womens judgment of dismissal movement movement was separated by the sex thespian’s issue. The major feminism groups denied sex could be seen as a right to devise, but more tended to see it as a product by exploitation. To those support sex workers, they turn to sex workers have their rights to use sex or body as a work, and even further claimed that sex work is a radical sexual movement, (Ho, 2005).\r\nIn much(prenominal) a situation, conflict is normal and beneficial as it acts as a podium of debate and its advantages of lift an awareness of problems that exist and leading to better solutions is intelligibly seen. Above all the norms of society are readjusted. The more diversified and heterogeneous a society becomes, the great the probability of more frequent conflict as subgroups who live by their own figures break the rules of new(prenominal) groups (Best, 2004). Conflict is a natural part of relationships.\r\nWhile relationships are sometimes calm and predictable, at other(a) times events and circumstances generate tensions and instability. This phrase sugg ests that life gives us conflict, and that conflict is a natural part of human experience and relationships. Rather than viewing conflict as a threat, the transformative view sees conflict as a valuable opportunity to grow and increases our understanding of others and ourselves. Conflict helps us stop, assess and take notice. entropy Africa for example has a multiracial and multiethnic population. â€Å"Blacks require 77% of which the Zulu make up 22. % of the overall population,” (ACCORD, 2008, 15).\r\nThe liberation struggle during the years of white minority rule cemented the Blacks, Asians and coloured people together. The unity forged by the blacks, Asians and colored people under white onerousness collapsed when state situation was to be competed for by all groups. The conflict of effect here is seen as a means of uniting these different groups for the purpose of achieving a common goal, (ibid, 2008). Furthermore, conflicts with some groups bring about fraternity. It maintains and revises the equalizer of power among antagonists.\r\nWhen conflict breaks out, the former accommodation between the parties involved is rejected, the relative war of each group is tested and a new equilibrium can be established. Such arrangements in the balance of power thwart any one group from being dominant over other groups. As longsighted as their power is continually challenged, members of the ruling group will be blocked from exclusive control of the social system. In most African states where the fight for independence was intense, most ethnic groups worked together to guarantee independence.\r\nConflict continually creates new norms and modifies old ones. It transport about situations to which the usual rules do not apply, conflict stimulates the establishment of appropriate guides to action. Moreover, the threat of attack, preparation for war or any hostile challenge from outside can strengthen a group’s solidarity and cohesiveness (Galtung, 199 0). Conflict within and between social groups disturbs habits of thought and behavior and creates an atmosphere for innovation and creativity. This is another(prenominal) positive attribute of conflict that can be regarded as normal is that it facilitates the ovement or flow of one generation to the next.\r\nThis is achieved in that society evolves over a period of time as values and norms of people continue to class and oppose each other within society. The changes may be positive consequently benefiting humanity at large though in most cases these benefits are unanticipated and long-term. Finally, Weber contended that it will always exist, regardless of the social, economic, or political record of society, and that it was functional because of its role in bringing disputes into the unfold for public debate.\r\nEven though individuals and groups enjoying great wealth, prestige, and power have the resources necessary to impose their values on others with fewer resources, Weber vi ewed the various class divisions in society as normal, inevitable, and acceptable (Curran & Renzetti, 2001). However, it moldiness be noted that if conflict is not managed, it pauses a great danger to humanity. If conflict is to be evaluate as a normal phenomenon, it has to be managed or resolved quicker and more efficiently than let it fester.\r\nFor Mial and Wood House (2001), by conflict resolution, it is anticipate that the deep rooted sources of conflict are addressed and resolved, and behavior is no longer violent, nor are attitude hostile any longer, while structure of the conflict has been changed. Desmond Tutu, the Anglican Archbishop emeritus of South Africa, is reported to have commented from within the situation of social revolution in South Africa that â€Å"without reconciliation, there is no future” (Wustenberg, 1998, 5).\r\nIt is wherefore now right to conclude that peace is a normal phenomenon but not when it is poorly managed or resolved. Issues such as the rearrangement of the balance of power, readjustment of group norms and the maintenance of group unity have been examined as the product of conflict even though conflict can be destructive in nature. modern-day understanding of conflict represents a belief that conflict is not only a positive force of one group, but it is also absolutely essential for achievement of the efficiency of the group.\r\n'