'Progressive Era Dbq\r'

'Charlie Shinske During the liberalist Era, pressure from labor, suffrage, and conservation movements pro raisely changed the incline of the St take insn history. Many of the reformers ideas clashed with the male-dominated, capitalist scotch structure present at the turn of events of the century. Some of the intended reforms opposed the trustworthy system, besides the level of social tempestuousness necessitated change. Businessmen and activists alike initiated the reforms during the modern Era.Government, repayable to the intention of calming the common public and quieting the seemingly more and more point-blank middle  set, supported them from the year 1900 to 1920, Progressive Era reformers were successful in bring about reform to the United States. Socially, America was gaining strength, with women much(prenominal) as Jane Addams, a womens rights activist, accounting entry the progressive fight. The percent of bailable voters who pestle ballots in Presidential elections were at a manywhat steady rate from 1904 to 1916, ranging from 59-65%, but in the 1920 election, only 49% of eligible voters actually cast ballots. Document J) Although rough may argue that the percent moderate was due to most Americans not thirst any of the elected Presidential candidates, and wherefore not voting this is untrue because this was the premier election in which women could vote, which threw of the ratio of voters and non-voters. In addition, all four candidates running for the backup of President, Debs, Roosevelt, Wilson, and Taft, were all progressives, and wanted to reduce the sum of trusts. This gave all voters, men or women, some incentive to vote.In the end of the election, Woodrow Wilson won, but not with the majority. During Wilsons presidency, some women spoke out maxim that Wilson was â€Å"oppressing” them, and compared themselves to people being oppressed by Kaiser that were living Germany. (Document H) many female rights activists truism the government as putting them fine-tune that is why the passing of the 19th amendment caused such an uproar, women agreed and were excited with their new found power, but men were not beaming (mostly because women promoted prohibition).During this thirty year period in American history our country do major strides in working conditions, lesson values, and where we stood in the world’s commerce. We at present had a wealthy middle class that could sort of fend for themselves and we were working on making sure that the food we ate and the water we drank was healthy enough for us to drink. The U. S. was starting to boom, then came the depression.\r\n'

'Emotional Couples Therapy Essay\r'

'This is a paper on a flick named Emotional Focused Couples Therapy, it is approximately a correspond that is confabulationing to a commission paid ab out(p) issues they atomic number 18 having, the biggest unitary being the husbands anger. Throughout the videos you see how the paid uses the trinity interprets in interviewing to support the copulate. She to a fault does a capital job on summarizing and paraphrasing what the couple is saying and pure toneing. The captain uses twain open and closelippedd ended questions during the seance. on that point is also a lot of form lyric happening by e genuinelyone touch on, any(prenominal)(a) good and some bad. The professed(prenominal) actually shows the invitees that she is rightfully thither for them in her dust language and the fashion she is take a hoping their olfactory propertyings back at them. The couple listens to for each one other and expands on their timberings with the support of the master copy . They also two net that they indispens suitableness to work topics out surrounded by them and atomic number 18 willing to clutch work at their relationship.\r\nOpen and Closed cease Questions\r\nIn this therapy session the therapist asked many open and closed ended questions to garter get the full picture of the client’s relationship. When the therapist was asking these questions she was using verbal and signed cues from the couple, to see how and what she should be asking next. The questions that where asked in this session is:\r\n1. Is it great(p) to be appurtenant?\r\n2. Is it had to be close? (Meaning affectionate)\r\n3. Do you withdraw? (From the conversation and the relationship)\r\n4. How do you deal with the message, that you are a are screwed up? (Not ever said he just fees that way.)\r\n5. Are clock that you sewer be close? (Affectionate)\r\n6. Do you opine that your married woman sees you as a hateful and nasty person?\r\n7. Do you feel rejected ?\r\n8. Am I getting it? (The therapist states this several times during the session as she is reflecting on their conversation.)\r\n9. Is lonely an ok word to use? (The married woman was having a hard time esteeming of a word.)\r\n10. Scott do you think that you wife knows how you feel?\r\n11. Do you feel that she does non dole out in the heat of the moment?\r\n12. shake off you ever tried to explain to her how you are olfactory modality?\r\n13. Can you encourage her ascertain the olfactory modality of rejection?\r\n14. What is it homogeneous to tell her how it makes you feel when you feel rejected?\r\n15. What would be the crush thing that would happen if you told your wife your softer feelings?\r\n16. Would you like to be fitting to trust your wife and be fitted to run out rough(predicate) your softer feelings?\r\n17. Would you like him to be able to run out about his softer feelings?\r\n18. Do you let the feelings be you at all?\r\n19. Do you witness her and find that comforting? (The feelings) 20. What do you think about what he did today? (Opening up during the session.) This professional has a way that when she is reflecting what the clients are saying and expression she is asking them if she is respectable and they add to the conversation. Above are some of the separate questions that she was asking during the session. there were precise few closed ended questions. She would reflect and they would open up in time more(prenominal). The professional summarized and paraphrased what the couple was saying many times during the session to make sure that she tacit what they were saying is what she was unwraping. The professional was precise utile in summarizing and paraphrasing the relationship and the feelings that both(prenominal) parties were talking about and expressing.\r\nVerbal and Nonverbal\r\nThere was verbal and nonverbal communication, actions and skills happening in the session by the couple and the professional. cer emonial the couple expressional the husband he had his girdle and feet crossed and glowering away from his wife most of the session. The wife kept red from arms being crossed to out in front of her. She also was turned away from her husband most of the session. The couple showed in their nonverbal automobile trunk language that there was a problem and they both where self-conscious with the situation. When certain question and answers where apt(p) the body language changed in the couple. The professional could tell when something was uncomfortable by their body language and she help the couple talk about it more, up to now though they were not picking up on the nonverbal cues for each other.\r\nThe professional at the germ had paper in her lab victorious notes, after a while she dumbfound it down and leaned out front towards the couple wake them that she was really listening to them and was really involved in what they were saying to her. The professional was able to use verbal and nonverbal skills to help the couple during this session and help them to lift out to listen to each other. The verbal skills that the professional used where very efficaciously, she was to be able to summarize their feelings and position. The nonverbal skills showed the couple that she was supportive and involved in fortune them. By sitting up and leaning forward in her chair it was another way for the couple to see she was involved in the conversations.\r\nStages of the Interview\r\nThere are three stages to an interview, exploration, clarification and action. The exploration stage involves helping the client examine his or her thoughts and feelings. The scrap stage is exploration helps the clients understand their feeling and their thoughts. The final stage is action, which is where the clients stolon making the change towards their goals. During this interview, the professional listen to both clients on what they thought was the problem and their feelings. They b oth agreed that anger was the steam of the troubles that they were having, and them not listening and communicating with each other. When the bit stage was introduced the professional was involved more. She helped both parties of the couple to understand and reflect on what they each where saying and helping them rightfully understand and really listen to each other.\r\nThe professional also very effectively summarized and paraphrased what they were saying again, so maybe they could hear it said in a divergent way. By doing this she was able to get even more information from them about more if the true problems they were facing. The third and final stage is action. During this session you see that they are starting time to listen to each other and even open up more. Having the husband talk about his softer feelings and also for him to hear that is wife does not think that he is a monster was a great start to the process. They both also stated that they want to work things out an d be together. That educational activity alone should the professional that they both were act to the process.\r\nSelf-disclosure and Reflective Feelings\r\nDuring the interview the professional really worked hard to get the couple to talk about their feelings and express their thoughts. Throughout she was able to get them both to self-disclose and reflect on each other’s feelings. As times this was not an easy thing to so especially for the husband just now he did do it. He was not sure about showing his softer side, he thought it made him feel workweek and like a sissy. The wife disagreed she thought the angry side of him was the sissy side. They both listened to each other’s feeling and acknowledge them and respected them throughout the session, scarce may not have continuously agreed with them. This interview was very emotionally charged and at sometimes uncomfortable for the couple. With that said, they both listened and rejected each other.\r\nThe professio nal was able to summarize both of their feelings very well, and understand what both of them where saying about the situation. Overall the therapy session was a great starting point by the couple not no were being do with their therapy and situation. Being able to talk about feelings is hard and sometime intimidating, when you are in front of a stranger. The comfort level of the session was ok, they looked uncomfortable, not just because they were there but the chairs and the overall appearance of the room, not very inviting. The structure of the interview flowed very well and the professional was able to keep the conversations moving in the right bursting charge so the session was helpful for the couple.\r\nReferences\r\n(2009). emotionally Focused Couples Therapy [Video file]. Retrieved from Phsycoheapy,bet website: http://ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/login?url=http://vast.alexanderstreet.com/view/1779000.\r\n'

'Conflict Management Plan\r'

'1. account the available conflict counselling strategies and their strengths and weaknesses.Strategy Strengths Weaknesses CollaborationMakes the police squad stronger while building team spirit. Ability to task solve. Sharing in responsibility non sharing same ideas Causes most pop vote Can be judgment of conviction consuming while coming to an engagement CompetitionForces group to think outside the concussion for better results Cause police squad members to take issue and never r apiece a issue AvoidanceRe focalizees police squad to accredited conundrum Takes personal feelings out of the issue Problem belt up exist Team relationship becomes taintedAccommodationAllows the team up to come to a resolution by giving and takingRequires some team members ideas to be put on the back burnerCompromiseAllows team to come to a solution in a timely mannerMay effect team negatively if one member feels they compromise more than others2. Which of the available conflict solicit ude strategies is most appropriate for the current fact with Clyde and Dan? Provide your rationale, including what factors you considered in making your selection. Your receipt should be at least vitamin C words.The most appropriate conflict management strategy for the current situation is collaboration. I feel if both men atomic number 18 brought together to discuss their issues in a non-hostile environment indeed the real riddle allow present itself. This will concede both team members to voice their opinions and a resolution can be offered up.Once the problem is in the open they can counseling on how to resolve it. I make this selection because it sounds like maybe it could be a personality conflict with a lot of he said she said. The sole(prenominal) way to resolve it is to whap what the real problem is. The only way to know that is to bring the men together to peach about it.3. If the selected strategy is not in(predicate), what is your alternate(a) strategy? Prov ide your rationale for this selection. Your reception should be at least vitamin C words.If the first strategy is not successful then the next excerpt is avoidance. This will force the team members to put their personal feeling toward each other digression so that they can focus on the project. Team members will not constantly get a capacious. How they feel about each other can be a problem, but as long as they can put those feelings aside for the advance of the team then they can focus on the common goal. As long each of the of participating and sharing the spiel load the team can be successful.4. What potential road blocks might be encountered in resolving the conflict? How would you greet these? Your response should be at least 100 words.Some potential road blocks is the team members are hell bent on not spend a pennying together. When every option for resolving the problem has been exhausted then there may be a need for different measures. The idea is to lapse the team together and focused on the project. If the actions of these two men lower the morale of the team and make it impossible to work together then it is my recommendation both team members be replaced. The focus is the team and the project.\r\n'

'Monopolies good or bad Essay\r'

'A monopoly is a individual(a) phoner that owns both or some all of the markets for a type of w ar or service. A monopoly is at the turnaround end of the market structure. It is where there is no rivalry for goods or services and a company sack freely excite a value or counteract market competition. Monopolies bugger off three constitute in assumptions, one seller, no substitutes or competition, and extremely high barriers to entry. Examples of monopolies ar ordinary utilities and US Postal Service.\r\nSo what are the social characteristics of monopolies? They act as the single supplier. The geological formation can gain get it on supremacy over the market by becoming the sole brookr of a good or service. The lack of competition leaves a company with greater bid over the quality of fruit. It similarly pass waters the company the ability to pump up prices with place the aid of being challenge by separate companies. This forces the customer to either buy from the monopoly or go without. A monopoly has access to change information.\r\nBy doing this, the company maintains complete control over the market. This information may give the company the benefit of circumscribed returnion practices. The specialized information may also come in the form of juristic tips regarding trademarks, copyrights and patents. Taking control over this special information gives the company an edge tour leaving all of its competitors at a disadvantage. A monopoly has a unique product. The organization gains control over the market by offering a product or service that is unlike any other.\r\nThe product or service does not withstand a substitution. The company may exercising specialized information such as legal patents, copyrights and trademarks in order to instal legal authority over the exertion of certain goods and services. So over all are monopolies good for the rescue? Since monopolies are the only provider, they can set lovely much any price t hey choose. They can do this, regardless of the demand, because they know the consumer has no choice.\r\nNot only can monopolies erect prices, they can also supply low-level products. Monopolies are also bad for an economy because the manufacturer has no incentive to innovate, and provide new and improved products. Another tenableness monopolies are bad is that they can create inflation. Since they can set any price they want, they will raise costs to consumers. To do the questions are monopolies bad for the economy the serve up is yes. They are not good for the consumer or economy that is why they are so limited here in the US.\r\n example Examples Login or Register to see impost examples. Recommended Articles from InvestorGuide. com Short Selling Understanding the line up Cost of Credit Cards buy and Selling Bonds Treasury Bonds IRAs And The Economy investing Tips Reasoning by Analogy I’d say most of the ideas that have made money for the portfolio have been the c onduce of some form of reasoning by analogy. One example: Applying well-understood U. S. investment ideas to markets out … Read more Related Videos.\r\n'

'Politics in Modern Film (V for Vendetta)\r'

'The adopt I focused on for this essay, V for Vendetta, was movie theatered and produced in 2006 by Warner Brothers. The plot of the characterisation circulates around a mysterious and charismatic masked license submarine sandwich being hunted down by the tota countic British presidential term in the near future. Although his affluent identity is kept a mystery passim the film, auditory modalitys learn he was a victim of a cruel scientific experiment involving â€Å"unwanted” British citizens and hormonal drugs.He spends decades planning unwrap his r so farge on those involved. While making preparations for both his r even soge and a nation-wide revolution, the character jazzn only as V has a run-in with a young fair sex functional for the broadcasting station he later on taking hostage. The day he takes the station hostage, the adult female named Evey recognizes him as the same patch who rescued her virtuoso night from crooked British patrolmen prowling the st reets. Evey comes to his aid as V is almost caught and she is knocked unconscious in the process.The ataraxis of the film leads audiences into the ever-thickening plot as a research worker investigates and attempts to track down the â€Å"terrorist” only to discover an even more sinister power cornerstone the deaths of thousands of British citizens: their own government. Putting this film into a course based on its intended audience was a ch in allenge. The film expresses determine both of the sens and subgroup categories. The values shown ar ones that indirectly praise the Statesn government for its constitutional rights of religion, press and speech, but it a wish well promotes ideas of anarchy.Although both views live their strong arguing points in the film, I believe this film expressed more mass values. This is because the criteria for subgroup values de homosexualds that the public must be by and large portrayed as being stupid and counter-active to the deter mination at hand. However, in this film, V must swear solely on the public‘s elaboration in order to carry through his peck of license. In a televised speech to the populace, V makes says that have resounding similarities to our Constitution and Declaration of Independence. Fairness, justice and freedom are more than words. They are prospectives. ” He says. This is, in my mind, one of the most profound quotes in the film, behind his other statement that ” lot should not be afraid of their governments; governments should be afraid of their people. ” The timing of the film and its statements on war point directly to America’s involvement in the war on terror and to President George Bush. The movie was filmed in 2005, only two years after(prenominal) the functionary war in Iraq was launched.The High Chancellor in the film, Adam Suttler, is described as being an ultra-conservative voice with no understanding of political process. This reduplicate seems to instigate a commonly debated political theme pointed stunned in the White House by Americans impertinent to the invasion and the war overseas. The film even makes a blatant statement to the highest degree America being in an on-going war that deprived it of its wealth and resources. A line reads: â€Å"They were a country who had e verything, absolutely everything; and now, 20 years later is what?The world’s biggest cad colony. ” There are stillness many Americans instantly who have strong aversion to the presence of American military forces in Iraq and Afghanistan. â€Å"The Voice of England”, the a man revered as the biggest spokesperson in the incline broadcasting sector, delivers a line in the film as he goes down the list of people unwanted and banished from the country’s boarders. This list, in admission to teens with sexually transmitted diseases and homosexuals, names Muslims specifically.In 2005, there was still unease in Americ a about Muslim-Americans and risks they mogul pose to national security, much like the turmoil about American-Japanese citizens that marked the time after the assault of World War II. researcher Finch, the detective working the V case to track him down earlier the revolutionary date, has a discussion with his confederate after unearthing facts about the government. â€Å"If your government was responsible for the deaths of almost a hundred thousand people, would you really want to know? This observation has striking similarity to theories voiced by a small portion of society who claim the attacks on the World Trade Center were carried out by our own government. The name 5 is a common theme in the film: the figure of speech of V’s cell in the preoccupancy camp, the fifth of November being the date of the revolution, and the number of branches to the British government [they call the branches the nose, eyes, finger, ear and mouth]. This is also the number of branches o f our military: The Army, the Marine Corps, the Navy, the Air force and motherland Security Coast Guard.Whether or not this parallel is intentional, it is one I noticed. A blacklist is also mentioned in the film after Chancellor Suttler demands the 1812 Overture, which play during the Old Bailey Statue’s explosion, be added to the back list so he may â€Å"never collar it again. ” This is the only Cold War reference in the film which tells me is was intended to be a more general statement about government security review and control of information made available to the public.One political, or even social, statement made in the film that I agree with is Finch’s statement about how this ”terrorist” still has human emotions, shown by his taking and tax shelter of Evey after she rescues him. I believe one man’s terrorist is another man’s freedom fighter and people will always be at odds with each other. It is important to call up that even the most violent people do have passions and concerns. When one fights that hard for something, it obviously direction a great deal to them. People are quick to forget about the humanity cistron in wars.During the investigation, Finch and his partner watch V on a video monitor as he stands over Evey’s unconscious body. Finch’s partner says, â€Å"He’s a terrorist. You can’t expect him to act like you or me. ” Finch, who sees that V took the girl to protect her out of compassion, responds with â€Å"some part of him is human”. Another statement made that I agreed with was one that also amused me. Detective Finch is searching for records of the concentration camp that supposedly put away V years ago, but has little caboodle finding any.He says, â€Å"One thing is true of all governments; the most reliable records are tax records. ” Isn’t that true? This movie used many telling avenues of media to reach its audience. It included and alluded to several other pieces of literature and music within the film itself, which was a very clever device used to influence audience members to explore those hints individually. Literature seen in the film like â€Å"The Count of Mote Cristo” and the theatrical play â€Å"Faust” may also hold clues to political statements made even more subliminally in the film if evaluated within the context.\r\n'

'Peace and Conflict Essay\r'

' opus the term movement mostly is associated with negative encounters, bureauicipation itself is neither inherently well(p) nor inherently bad. In fact, engaging in involvement raise hit positive effects on relationships and organizations. infringe among volume, institutions, organizations, nations and in altogether relationships ar a practice, natural and inevitable part of conduct. In itself, it is to a great extent a necessary irradiation that enhances development and can be regarded as normal and a prerequisite under certain conditions.\r\nIn view if this, this paper pull up stakes labor to clear examine the conditions in which peace is said to be a normal phenomenon. The term infringe depart exhaustively be busheld from different school day of thoughts and its kinds or emblems outlined, followed by cited conditions that advocate for the presence of competitiveness as existence normal. Thereafter, a comprehensive cobblers last will be drawn from the ent ire discussion. strife can be defined in umpteen ways and can be considered as an conceptualization of hostility, negative postures, antagonism, aggression rivalry and mis concord.\r\nIt is associated with situation that involve contradictory or irreconcilable interests among deuce oppose assorts. The term contradict is derived from a Latin word that means to clash or ask in a passage of arms. It is a confrontation amid mavin or more(prenominal)(prenominal) parties aspiring to wards contrastive means or ends, Miller (2005). ‘’Conflict is a multi-dimensional social phenomenon which is an integral feature of human existence, intrinsic to the ongoing processes of history, to social change, and transformation,’’ International Alert et al. 1996, 3).\r\nSwanstrom and Weissmann (2005) define contravene as being the result of opposing interests involving scarce resources, goal divergence and frustration. This is extraneous the tralatitious milit ary sphere and is based on behavioural dimensions. The process begins when one party perceives that an new(prenominal) party has negatively affected, or is about to negatively affect, something that the initiatory party holds in great esteem or importance. In the same sense three forms of difference be in possession of been identified.\r\nThis implies that it has levels to influence namely; Interstate, which is the disputes amidst nation-states or the violation of the state systems of alliance; Internal troth, is type of dispute that happens within a given nine or part of the given society much(prenominal) as territorial disputes, and civil and ethnic wars; and State-formation, this is the battles all over fancy of government. These are internationally recognized as challenges, which to some extent chip in been human bodyified as a normal phenomenon as people are heterogeneous in their interests and desires, Wallensteen (2002).\r\nDifferences in interpretation of the co nflict result from different orientations in an effort to propose and over scrape conflicts. One thing that different approaches keep on is that conflicts are inheringly clashes among people. These clashes arise from differences of determine and interests of opposing parties, those parties being individuals, collections or entire organizations, (Adler, 2002). Conflict also has a positive dimension as normal forms of social interaction which may ease up to the maintenance, development, change and overall stability of social entities.\r\n umpteen social scientists hold that periods of change, be it economic ontogeny or decline, political transitions, or social concept are associated with conflict. A Dutch scholar by the name of Bonger, believed that theirs is a causal link among conflict and economic and social conditions. Existing institutions come under pressure and may be ineffective to control or integrate new powerfulnesss, demands, and corporal actors. Change is like ly to be uneven and to pretend a sense of relative deprivation, injustice, and threat among the losers.\r\nA recent example is the pressure mounted on the government of Chad in ensuring there is proper story procedures in the management of the country’s crude revenue. The activities of these organizations have been both positive and negative. From the positive side, they have been able to curb some of the excesses of governments in legion(predicate) developing countries, (African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes [ACCORD], 2008). handed-down human rights theories seldom took conflict theories to exam the conflicts between different rights and social movements.\r\nUnder conditions that human rights are violated or a particular class in society feels their rights are not amply being exercised, conflict can be seen as a normal phenomenon. In 1997, the Taiwan womens judgment of dismissal movement movement was separated by the sex thespian’s issue. The major feminism groups denied sex could be seen as a right to devise, but more tended to see it as a product by exploitation. To those support sex workers, they turn to sex workers have their rights to use sex or body as a work, and even further claimed that sex work is a radical sexual movement, (Ho, 2005).\r\nIn much(prenominal) a situation, conflict is normal and beneficial as it acts as a podium of debate and its advantages of lift an awareness of problems that exist and leading to better solutions is intelligibly seen. Above all the norms of society are readjusted. The more diversified and heterogeneous a society becomes, the great the probability of more frequent conflict as subgroups who live by their own figures break the rules of new(prenominal) groups (Best, 2004). Conflict is a natural part of relationships.\r\nWhile relationships are sometimes calm and predictable, at other(a) times events and circumstances generate tensions and instability. This phrase sugg ests that life gives us conflict, and that conflict is a natural part of human experience and relationships. Rather than viewing conflict as a threat, the transformative view sees conflict as a valuable opportunity to grow and increases our understanding of others and ourselves. Conflict helps us stop, assess and take notice. entropy Africa for example has a multiracial and multiethnic population. â€Å"Blacks require 77% of which the Zulu make up 22. % of the overall population,” (ACCORD, 2008, 15).\r\nThe liberation struggle during the years of white minority rule cemented the Blacks, Asians and coloured people together. The unity forged by the blacks, Asians and colored people under white onerousness collapsed when state situation was to be competed for by all groups. The conflict of effect here is seen as a means of uniting these different groups for the purpose of achieving a common goal, (ibid, 2008). Furthermore, conflicts with some groups bring about fraternity. It maintains and revises the equalizer of power among antagonists.\r\nWhen conflict breaks out, the former accommodation between the parties involved is rejected, the relative war of each group is tested and a new equilibrium can be established. Such arrangements in the balance of power thwart any one group from being dominant over other groups. As longsighted as their power is continually challenged, members of the ruling group will be blocked from exclusive control of the social system. In most African states where the fight for independence was intense, most ethnic groups worked together to guarantee independence.\r\nConflict continually creates new norms and modifies old ones. It transport about situations to which the usual rules do not apply, conflict stimulates the establishment of appropriate guides to action. Moreover, the threat of attack, preparation for war or any hostile challenge from outside can strengthen a group’s solidarity and cohesiveness (Galtung, 199 0). Conflict within and between social groups disturbs habits of thought and behavior and creates an atmosphere for innovation and creativity. This is another(prenominal) positive attribute of conflict that can be regarded as normal is that it facilitates the ovement or flow of one generation to the next.\r\nThis is achieved in that society evolves over a period of time as values and norms of people continue to class and oppose each other within society. The changes may be positive consequently benefiting humanity at large though in most cases these benefits are unanticipated and long-term. Finally, Weber contended that it will always exist, regardless of the social, economic, or political record of society, and that it was functional because of its role in bringing disputes into the unfold for public debate.\r\nEven though individuals and groups enjoying great wealth, prestige, and power have the resources necessary to impose their values on others with fewer resources, Weber vi ewed the various class divisions in society as normal, inevitable, and acceptable (Curran & Renzetti, 2001). However, it moldiness be noted that if conflict is not managed, it pauses a great danger to humanity. If conflict is to be evaluate as a normal phenomenon, it has to be managed or resolved quicker and more efficiently than let it fester.\r\nFor Mial and Wood House (2001), by conflict resolution, it is anticipate that the deep rooted sources of conflict are addressed and resolved, and behavior is no longer violent, nor are attitude hostile any longer, while structure of the conflict has been changed. Desmond Tutu, the Anglican Archbishop emeritus of South Africa, is reported to have commented from within the situation of social revolution in South Africa that â€Å"without reconciliation, there is no future” (Wustenberg, 1998, 5).\r\nIt is wherefore now right to conclude that peace is a normal phenomenon but not when it is poorly managed or resolved. Issues such as the rearrangement of the balance of power, readjustment of group norms and the maintenance of group unity have been examined as the product of conflict even though conflict can be destructive in nature. modern-day understanding of conflict represents a belief that conflict is not only a positive force of one group, but it is also absolutely essential for achievement of the efficiency of the group.\r\n'

'Learning management system Essay\r'

'Introduction The cyberspace has bug egressright beget a part of the 2 initiative century world. E rattlingthing and every one and only(a) is pick upting online. And those who be not doing so be missing stunned on the power of this modern age. Can the reach of education be any far freighter? Indeed not, as is evident from the introduction of E- subscribeedness! acquire is a complex extremity where savant’s motivation, instructor, attainment material and several opposite aspects move with each other. Nowadays, the conventional classroom article of belief has changed more than and more into a virtual milieu where antithetical issues or so encyclopedism has to be cookn into line.\r\n discipline has dramatically changed over recent decades when technical re younging has brought diametrical opport unities to learn via the Internet. E- encyclopedism is a term that is utilize to refer to computer-based learning. It consumptions computer based training and training materials, online conferencing, discussion boards, e-mail, computer- assistanted assessment, and other related ordinations. AdU E-learning has been go ind to the pupils of Adamson University. Each scholar has his/her own account. Their pupil number would be the maprname for the account and their initial password allow be give with the ITC (In doation Technology Center).\r\nThis accomplishment Management arranging has clearly become one of the nigh(prenominal) pick taboo learning frameworks for education. AdU E-learning has become one of the innovations of learning and teaching for educational institution and it clearly defines a capacious gain of providing a radicaler form of learning environment for students and a great supplement for teachers. This go forth get ahead enhance learning cap baron on a tonic better environment, providing student-enhance learning method and for teachers with enhanced pitch shot and forethought for lessons. We chose this kind of topic for our thesis beca phthisis we atomic number 18 informed of the benefits we rear get\r\nfrom the E-learning. The most attractive feature of E-learning is that it is student-centered. Since most of the students be be given to social networking sites, victimisation E-learning is just a serviceman of cake. This softwargon too accommodates individual(a) p denotations and claims. At the like time, it empowers students of various backgrounds to nourish equal feeler code to the lift show up resources and referral material, lecture sessions, and tutoring. The set-up of E-learning allows students to learn slowly for the standardized tests by downloading the occupy material they supplicate, rather than paying respectable bills to tuitions.\r\nIn other words, the online environment allows a learning atmosphere where there is a better tension on look at due to the effect of relieve efforts, time and lesser hassles. E-learning opens up a new world o f sketching comfortably and with better results. financial statement of the Problem Major Problem: How go off AdU E-learning cleanse students’ learning ability? Minor Problems: 1. What is the demographic visibleness of the respondents in cost of: a. Course b. course of study direct c. Age d. frequence of workout AdU E-learning e. Accessibility to the internet 2. How rough-and-ready is AdU E-learning in terms of: a. academician executing b.\r\n airing of randomness c. compliance of projects d. Enrollment e. rate f. Accessibility to lessons and discussions g. General graphical expenditurer user interface h. Management of students’ records Scope and Limitations This domain is all astir(predicate) improving students’ learning ability by dint of AdU E-learning. We will field of operation ab reveal how AdU E-learning servings students on different aspects. This similarly int sacks to sum up all the features of the said learning management syste m that aids on the belatedly approachability Signifi dropce of the take The study on the dominance of AdU E-learning on the melioratement of students’learning ability is beneficial to the next:\r\n1. Adamson University administrators will last how E-learning suspensors in the awareness of the students on breeding and updates just ab break through the school. This will also help them reassessment on how facilitative does the observance of grades online on the students’ assessment of his/her performance. 2. Adamson University Professors / Instructors prat analyze a student’s scores and tell any or spells that need additional teaching. Bringing a lot of school projects to be checked at home is a hassle unless with the aid of E-learning they will yield a accessible demeanor of checking his/her student’s project.\r\nAdU E-learning can be updated easily and chop-chop. It is comfy to keep up-to-date because the updated materials are plainl y uploaded to a server. Professors can also disseminate nurture by dint of the software. 3. Adamson University students will be informed about updates and current tear downts in Adamson University. E-learning is very beneficial when it comes to payoff enlistment because through this the students can avoid move and long lines during enrollment. It also aids for a scurrying way of submitting any requirements to their professors.\r\nThrough the posting of grades online, students can monitor their donnish performances. They will be aware on what subjects they need to focus on. It also saves physical composition because instead of printing or photocopying you can confuse an access to adaptation materials through PDFs and Powerpoint presentations. This is also a user-friendly software. Definition of Terms The avocation terms were employ in the study: 1. Adamson University. It is a Catholic university in Manila, Philippines wherein the researchers will conduct their survey.\r\n 2. AdU E-learning. It is an electronic learning software or a learning management system exclusive for Adamsonians that helps them have a convenient accessibility to lectures and announcements. 3. Academic performance. This is one of the factors considered on how good AdU E-learning is. It is the outcome of education †the extent to which a student, teacher or institution has achieved their educational endings. 4. engineering science students. They are the respondents of this study. They’re the ones who harbour up any applied science courses in Adamson University.\r\n5. General Graphical User interface. It is a program interface that takes advantage of the computer’s graphics capabilities to check the program easier to use. 6. Information. These are the facts provided or learned about whatsoeverthing or someone.\r\n7. Internet access. It is the instrument by which individual terminals, computers, mobile devices, and local area networks are connected to the global Internet. 8. Learning. It is a mould where a human absorbs culture, memorizes and processes it for further use. 9. Learning ability. It is the student’s mental ability. 10. Learning style. This refers to how a learner prefers to learn. 11. Online fill-in of subjects. It is an easier way of enlisting or reserving the subjects the students want to take up for the next semester.\r\n12. Technology. It refers to the making, modification, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems, and methods of organization, in order to solve a problem, improve a preexisting solution to a problem, achieve a goal, handle an applied input/output apprisal or perform a specialized function. CHAPTER 2 Review of the Related Literature and Studies What are the processes that can improve students’ learning ability? gibe to Pashler, et. al. (2007), such(prenominal) of teaching is about helping students master new knowledge and skills and then helping studen ts not to embarrass what they have learned.\r\nThe recommendations are intended to provide teachers with specific strategies for organizing both instruction and students’ studying of material to avail learning and retentivity information, and to enable students to use what they have learned in new situations. We recommend a set of actions that teachers can take that reflect the process of teaching and learning, and that recognizes the ways in which instruction m grizzlyiness respond to the state of the learner. It also reflects our central organizing tenet that learning depends upon memory, and that memory of skills and c at oncepts can be change by relatively concreteâ€and in some cases quite non-obvious strategies.\r\nFurthermore, on www.collegeatlas. org, struggling to become a successful college student, some people erroneously conceptualize that studying a lot is the answer. While change magnitude the amount of time you dedicated to your studies whitethorn be i mportant, the key to becoming a successful college student is learning to studying smart. In college, time chop-choply becomes a rare commodity, course work is lengthy, contestation is intense, and the level of expectation is quite a bit higher(prenominal) than it was when you were in high school. Sometimes you’re going to aspect there aren’t decorous hours in the day to get everything done, and done correctly.\r\nAnd you know what? You’ll be right! There will neer be enough hours in the day to get everything done, if you don’t learn how to study smart. Our study skills guides for college students were designed with college students in mind. Time management, note taking, reading comprehension, essay writing, test taking, active listening, stress management, researching, and memorization are only when a few of the topics intercommunicate in our study skills guides for college students.\r\nIf you’ll take the time to learn and apply the concep ts, principles, and skills taught in our study guides and tutorials, you’ll not only improve your schoolman performance and ability to learn, but you may even find that at the end of the day you have a little surplus time on your hands. (www. collegeatlas. org) According to the website, www. academictips. org, reviewing your chosen study topic is one of the techniques you have to do to improve one’s learning ability.\r\nThe steps are as follows. aft(prenominal) your five-minute rest, read the same information again. Concentrate only on those points that are most important. Then take another five-minute break and re-read once more, fitting all the bits of information together.\r\nBoth of these reviews would be made even better by note-taking in whatever way you find easy and helpful. guard sure that the notes you make are well form! One week and two weeks later review the topic again employ your notes. By now you should have found that there has been a big impr ovement in your ability to remember, understand and use that information. Finally, you must revise. This is simply a way of sketch loose ends together with the same study method but this time utilize your notes only. If you use the higher up methods musical composition you are still following a course of study, your last revision will be made much easier.\r\nSome students who have use these methods early find that very little final revision is necessary. They became so good at remembering the work during the course of the course of instruction that they didn’t need to do anymore! What are the effects of E-learning to students? According to â€Å"A Study Into The arranges Of E- Learning On Higher Education” by Singh, et. al. (2005), e-learning could have potentially major effects on the way higher education is designed, implemented and delivered. Until now, universities have been static in their structure and delivery of higher education courses.\r\nHowever, dema nd for learning has never been so high, and this in colligation with the need to geographically broaden learning may prompt universities to introduce e-learning initiatives. The same demands for learning and the increase revenue of independent educational providers, has produced a really threat to the very existence of the traditional university. e-learning may provide universities with a essence of exceeding the fresh formed competition, by taking full advantage of their traditional, already established reputations.\r\nFor students, e-learning can provide an educationally-superior choice to traditional lectures, in which learning can take place outside the lecture hall. e- learning can also provide a model for students on how to become self directed independent learners, which may assist them to become ‘life long learners’. For lecturers, networked learning may cause changes in work patterns and even change their professional berth, but in addition, e-learning pro vides them with the chance to test students in real business situations and new methods to evaluate each student’s learning.\r\nThe role of the lecturer is predominant in the successful delivery of networked learning initiatives, as lecturers have the influence to take away student’s technical frustrations, make students feel empowered and move on students to interact with one another. (Singh, et. al. , 2005) found from the results of the study â€Å"The Effect of E-learning Approach on students’ performance in biomedical Instrumentation Course at Palestine polytechnic institute University” by Arman, et. al (2009), the goal of any learning activity is for learning to take place. A common way to measure the force of instruction is to measure learner achievement.\r\nMeasuring learner achievement in e-learning environments requires special attention. In fact, traditional methods for measuring learner achievement can be applied to e-learning courses w ith some forethought and modification. Quizzes, exams, team and individual projects, as well as written assignments, can all be used in e-learning courses. The use of electronic mediums can even make marking of tests and quizzes easier because scores can be tabulated immediately following the completion of a quiz or test, providing quick and accurate feedback to learners.\r\nFrom their discussion, it is clear that e-learning approach has good dexterity in learning and improves the students’ achievement and attitudes toward this new dogmatic way of learning using the new applied science based on computer and multimedia tools. After the results of the research have been lighted, the researcher would like to declare oneself the following:\r\nThe e-learning approach should be used in our universities, especially occupation military barriers are unwashed; execute practical sessions for students of all levels concerning use of LMS; encourage instructors to practice the e-lea rning approach and use LMS; and establish an authoring unit for e-learning of different courses with different experts.\r\n(Arman, et. al. , 2009) Moreover, on Rodgers’, â€Å"Student meshwork in the E-Learning Process and the pretend on Their Grades” (2008), by and by controlling for student private characteristics, it was found that one extra hour of e-learning net increase the mental faculty mark by 1. 035%. Given a pattern standard deviation of 5. 61 hours, differences in e-learning engagement can be viewed as accounting for 5. 81% of the variation in student marks. These findings betoken that academic performance could potentially be improved by developing teaching strategies that encourage greater student engagement in the e-learning process.\r\nThe paper also provides severalize of the impact on academic performance of mismatches among e-teaching styles and e-learning styles. Evidence is found of personal-characteristic related differences in the effec tiveness of the online teaching process. It is found that, after controlling for other factors, female students benefited less from e-learning than did their male counterparts. The study also found some tentative evidence to suggest that there was an interaction effect between a student’s country of origin and e-learning effectiveness.\r\n(Rodgers,2008) If it is in conclusion possible to find e-teaching methods that can accommodate different e- learning styles then we are likely to envision an improvement in overall student academic achievement on e-learning based courses. (Rodgers,2008) According to â€Å"The Impact of E-Learning on StudentsPerformance in Tertiary Institutions” by Oye, et. al. (2012), e-learning has become an increasingly popular learning approach in higher educational institutions due to the rapid exploitation of Internet technologies. E- learning is the use of information and intercourse applied science to enhance and facilitate teaching and le arning.\r\nThis study examines the application of e-learning model to explain acceptance of the e-learning technology within the academic settings. The study confirms that in order to foster individuals’ intention to use an e-learning, positive information on e-learning use is crucial. By using linear regression analysis, the study verified that, tour attitudes have influence on intention to use, the actual e-learning use has significant effect on students’ academic performance. E-learning use is associated with increased students’ academic performance.\r\nRecommendation was that, training and information sessions on e-learning need to focus primarily on how the e-learning technology can help improve the faculty and effectiveness of students’ learning process. (Oye, et. al, 2012) CHAPTER 3 Methodology explore Design The study about Improving Students’ Learning Ability through AdU E-learning uses descriptive research. Instrumentation This study uses survey form as its instrument.\r\nSampling proficiency CHAPTER 3 Methodology Research Design The study about Improving Students’ Learning Ability through AdU E-learning uses descriptive research. Instrumentation This study uses survey form as its instrument. Sampling Technique Respondents were chosen using non-probability sampling technique. Statistical Treatment CHAPTER 4 founding of Data This chapter presents the data collected from the survey. Demographic write of the Respondents Course oftenness per centum (%) B. S. figurer engineering science 9 30 B. S. Electronics and confabulations Engineering 21 70 B. S.\r\n voltaical Engineering 0 0 B. S. Civil Engineering 0 0 B. S. industrial Engineering 0 0 B. S. Mechanical Engineering 0 0 B. S. Chemical Engineering 0 0 match 30 deoxycytidine monophosphate inning 1. Course of the Respondents take to 1 explains the course of the respondents.\r\n9 out of 30 or 30% of the respondents are taking B. S. calculating machi ne Engineering. 21 out of 30 or 70% of the respondents are taking B. S. Electronics and Communication Engineering. There were no respondents who take up the courses: B. S. Electric Engineering, B. S. Civil Engineering, B. S. Industrial Engineering, B. S. Mechanical Engineering, and B. S. Chemical Engineering. course of instruction frequence percent(%) 1st Year 13 43. 33 2nd Year 1 3. 33 tertiary Year 8 26. 67 4th Year 8 26. 67 5th Year 0 0 list 30 degree Celsius throw 2.\r\nYear Level of Respondents go in 2 gives explanations on the year level of respondents. 13 out of 30 or 43. 33% ofthe respondents are on the 1st year level. 1 out of 30 or 3. 33% of the respondents are on the 2nd year level. 8 out of 30 or 26. 67% of the respondents are on the 3rd year level. 8 out of 30 or 26. 67% of the respondents are on the 4th year level.\r\nThere were no respondents on the 5th year level. Age Frequency Percent (%) 16 years old or below 3 10 17-19 years old 22 73. 34 20-22 years old 4 13. 33 23 years old or above 1 3. 33 Total 30 100 go in 3. Age of the Respondents image 3 gives details on the age of the respondents. 3 out of 30 or 10% of the respondents are 16 years old or below. 22 out of 30 or 73.\r\n34% of the respondents are 17-19 years old. 4 out of 30 or 13. 33% of the respondents are 20-22 years old and 1 out of 30 or 3. 33% of the respondents are 23 years old or above. Frequency of using AdU E-learning Frequency Percent (%) Always 3 10 Seldom 15 50 Sometimes 12 40 Never 0 0 Total 30 100 Figure 4. Frequency of using AdU E-learning Figure 4 shows the frequency of using AdU E-learning. 3 out of 30 or 10% of the respondents are always using AdU E-learning. 15 out of 30 or 50% of the respondents are seldom using AdU E-learning. 12 out of 30 or 40% of the respondents are sometimes using AdU E-learning.\r\nThere were no respondents who never used AdU E-learning. Devices used to access AdU E-learning Frequency Percent (%) Personal Computers 12 40 Computer Re ntals 1 3. 33 Laptop 14 46. 67 Tablet 0 0 Android 3 10 Total 30 100 Figure 5. Devices used to access AdU E-learning Figure 5 shows the devices used by the respondents to access AdU E-learning. 12 out of 30 or 40% of the respondents are using personal computers to access AdU E-learning. 1 out of 30 or 3. 33% of the respondents are using computer rentals to access AdU E-learning. 14 out of 30 or 46. 67% of the respondents are using laptops to access AdU E-learning.\r\n3 out of 30 or 10% of the respondents are using androids to access AdU E-learning. There were no respondents who use tablets to access AdU E-learning. Survey proper Academic Performances Frequency Percent (%) Yes 26 86. 67 No 4 13. 33 Total 30 100 Figure 6. Academic Performance Figure 6 shows that 26 out of 30 or 86. 67% of the respondents use AdU E-learning to help on their studies while 4 out of 30 or 13. 33% of the respondents stated that AdU E-learning does not help on their studies. Thus, AdU E-learning can help the students on their studies. Dissemination of Information Frequency Percent (%).\r\nYes 16 53. 33 No 14 46. 67 Total 30 100 Figure 7. Dissemination of Information Figure 7 presents that 16 out of 30 or 53. 33% of the respondents are well-updated about the announcements, agendas and currents events happening in the school through the aid of AdU E-learning while 14 out of 30 or 46. 67% of the respondents are not well-updated about the announcements, agendas and currents events in the school through the aid of AdU E-learning. Thus, AdU E-learning is an efficient aid for retention the students well-updated about the announcements, agendas and currents events happening in the school.\r\nSubmission of Requirements Frequency Percent (%) Yes 13 43. 33 No 17 56. 67 Total 30 100 Figure 8. Submission of Requirements (projects, assignments and others) Figure 8 exhibits that 13 out of 30 or 43. 33% of the respondents use AdU E-learning to submit requirements to their professors while 17 out of 30 or 56. 67% of the respondents don’t use AdU E-learning to submit requirements to their professors. Thus, AdU E-learning as a means of submitting requirements to the professors is notyet introduced to most students of Adamson University. modesty of Subjects Frequency Percent(%) Yes 22 73.\r\n33 No 8 26. 67 Total 30 100 Figure 9. Reservation of Subjects Figure 9 shows that 22 out of 30 or 73. 33% of the respondents stated that reservation of subjects through the AdU E-learning is more convenient while 8 out of 30 or 26. 67% stated that reservation of subjects through AdU E-learning is not convenient. Thus, AdU E-learning makes it more convenient for the students to reserve subjects. Online Posting of Grades Frequency Percent(%) Yes 30 100 No 0 0 Total 30 100 Figure 10.\r\nPosting of Grades Figure 10 shows that 30 out of 30 or 100% aver that posting of grades through AdU E-learning is helpful. There were no respondents who ramble that AdU E-learning’s posting of gra des is not helpful. Thus, AdU E-learning’s posting of grades is very helpful to the students of Adamson University. Accessibility to Lessons and Discussions Frequency Percent(%)\r\nYes 20 66. 67 No 10 33. 33 Total 30 100 Figure 11. Accessibility to Lessons and Discussions Figure 10 presents that 20 out of 30 or 66. 67% of the respondents use AdU E-learning as reference for their lessons in class while 10 out of 30 or 33. 33% of the respondents don’t use AdU E-learning as reference for their lessons in class.\r\nThus, AdU E-learning is an effective reference for students’ lessons in class. Accessibility to AdU E-learning Frequency Percent(%) Yes 27 90 No 3 10 Total 30 100 Figure 12. Easy accessibility to AdU E-learning Figure 12 shows that 27 out of 30 or 90% of the respondents have an easy accessibility to AdU E-learning while 3 out of 30 or 10% of the respondents don’t have an easy accessibility to AdU E-learning. Thus, AdU E-learning can be easily acces sed by the students. speciality of Keeping Records Frequency Percent(%) Yes 27 90 No 3 10 Total 30 100 Figure 13. Effectiveness of Keeping Records.\r\nFigure 13 shows that 27 out of 30 or 90% of the respondents find AdU E-learning as an effective aid for keeping students’ records while 3 out of 30 or 10% of the respondents don’t find AdU E-learning as effective aid for keeping students’ records Thus, AdU E-learning is as an effective aid for keeping students’ record. CHAPTER 5 Conclusions and Recommendations Conclusions: In this study, the following conclusions are derived: 1. Adamson University E-learning is very helpful to the students when it comes to their studies. 2. Adamson University E-learning is a utile means for disseminating information to the students.\r\n3. Adamson University E-learning as a means for online submission of requirements is not yet introduced to most of the students in Adamson University. 4. Adamson University E-learning makes it easier and convenient for the students to reserve their subjects. 5. Posting of grades through Adamson University E-learning is very helpful for the students’ academic awareness. 6. Lectures, may be it a pdf file or a powerpoint presentation, uploaded in Adamson University E-learning by the instructors are of big help for the students. 7. Students find it easy to access Adamson University E-learning because of its user-\r\nfriendly interface. 8. Adamson University E-learning is an effective aid for keeping students’ record. Recommendations Based on the mentioned conclusions, the following are recommended: 1. The professors should introduce the online submission of requirements through Adamson University E-learning so that it will make things easier and faster. 2. The maintenance of Adamson University E-learning should be focused on so that technical errors and problems can be avoided. 3. Dissemination of information through Adamson University E-learning should also be improved.\r\nBibliography Books, magazines and encyclopedias Pashler, H. , et. al. (2007). Organizing Instruction and Study to Improve Student Learning . IES Practice Guide. NCER 2007-2004. study Center for Education Research, 63. Available from: ED Pubs. PO Box 1398Jessup. Singh, G. , et. al. (2005). A Study into the Effects of E-Learning on Higher Education. Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice. Arman, A. , et. al. (2009). Effect of E-learning Approach on Students’ Achievement in Biomedical Instrumentation Course at Palestine Polytechnic University. Innovation and Knowledge.\r\nManagement in Twin get across Economies: Challenges & Solutions, Vols 1-3. K. S. Soliman. Norristown, Int Business Information Management Assoc-Ibima: 1553-1557. Rodgers, T. (2008). Student Engagement in the E-Learning Process and the Impact on Their Grades. International: Journal of Cyber Society and Education. Oye, N. D. (2012). The Impact of E-Learning on StudentsPerforma nce in Tertiary Institutions. IRACST †International Journal of Computer Networks and Wireless Communications (IJCNWC), ISSN: 2250-3501. Internet www. collegeatlas. org www. academictips. org\r\n'

'Anomalous 2ndary growth in dicot and monocot system\r'

'DICOT topic Plants display anomalous secondhand harvesting can be studied in two main groups. (1) Those in which cambium of commonplace type is present and persists only if by peculiarity or irregularity in its natural action develop vascular create from raw stuffs of unusual arrangement. (2) Those in which the normal cambium either does not develop or in soon replaced by another cambium. This abnormal cambium whitethorn either develop from cortex or pericycle and shows abnormal use.NORMAL CAMBIUM WITH ABNORMAL ACTIVITY: Aristolochia Stem: During secondary growth inhume and intra fascicular cambium becomes active and forms a ring. The inter fascicular cambium cuts vascular tissue and the inter fascicular cambium forms p benchyma. The strands thus perch discrete. The growth sound are visible in xylem. With the increase of secondary tissue pith and rays are partly crushed. This crushing is probably a egress of resistance offered to the expanding vascular system by the pe rivascular cylinder (pericycle).This slender alike breaks up subsequently nigh time at the rays. Adjacent parenchyma cells invade the breaks by intrusive growth and may differentiate into sclereide. The intra fascicular cambium at places forms parenchyma which results in the bifurcation of bundles phellogen is formed from the hypodermis. It is initiated as isolated vertical strips extending from node to node and takes several years to scattering over the entire surface. The bobfloat developed is overlying and con boldnessrable amount of phellogen (secondary cortex) is developed lenticles are also formed.ANOMALOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN MONOCOT STEM In monocotyledons normally the vascular bundles are closed. The cambium organism absent the secondary growth is absent; but in some plants like dracaema and Yucca secondary growth takes place.Dracaens Stem:(1) The young stem has typical organise i.e. epidermis is followed by sclerenchymatous hypodermis. A large fare of closed colla teral bundles are scattered in ground tissue.(2) One of the outer layers of cells from the ground tissue becomes meristematic and functions as cambium. The cambium formed in the region which has ceased elongating.(3) The activity of this cambium is more on the midland side and in truth little on the outside where it forms only parenchyma. On the inner side it forms xylem and parenchyma in alternate patches. The inner parenchymatous cells are called conjunctive tissue.(4) After a get around while the activity of cambium on inner side changes and above the xylem is starts forming phloem and then again xylem. thus phloem becomes encircled by xylem and ring of leptocentric (amphibasal) vascular bundle is formed. The xylem formed front has bigger vessels.(5) some each vascular bundle is developed sclerenchymatous sheath.(6) The cambium after sometime alters its activity and forms xylem on the inner side, at those places where it was previously forming the parenchyma and parenchym a in place of xylem. Similar to earlier case again by change in activity it forms a ring of vascular bundles.(7) natural process of cambium goes on changing regularly and more rings of vascular bundles are formed.(8) The last one or two rings of vascular bundles lie in conjunctive tissue.(9) Cork cambium is formed below hypodermis and forms cork and cork cambium in normal fashion.\r\n'

'Role of Icb in the Development of Capital Market in Bangladesh: a Performance Evaluation of Icb Sponsored Mutual Funds\r'

'INTERNSHIP REPORT Dept. of moving in judiciary Shah Jalal University of knowledge and technology, Sylhet. INTERNSHIP REPORT Role of ICB in the festering of majuscule securities industry in Bangladesh: A per systemance military rank of ICB Sponsored voice blood lines executive schedule Ms. Nafsaniath Fathemaf Lecturer De originatement of strain cheek Shah Jalal University of lore and Technology, Sylhet. Submitted By Muhamad Abul Lyse 4th Year 2nd Semester (2nd Batch) Reg no 0099730014 Dept of teleph adept circuit Administration Shah Jalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet Date of forbearance: July 06, 2006 Date July 06, 2006\r\nIt is an immense pleasure for me to certify that this internship get across en title of respectd â€Å" Role of ICB in the Development of jacket Market in Bangladesh: A achievement valuation of ICB sponsored interchangeable mo crystaliseary re antecedent” submitted to the de go awayment of problem Administration, Sh ah Jalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet is an original become d bingle by Muhammad Abul Lyse, a student of BBA 2nd Batch of discussion section of Business Administration, bearing the Registration minute 0099730014. He has winner widey completed the internship program at enthronisation stores plenty of Bangladesh (ICB) and prepargond this narrative on the aforesaid title down the stairs my supervision.\r\nI wish him e rattling(prenominal) success in his endeavors. Signature: ………………………… Ms Nafsaniath Fathema Lecturer, Dept. of Business Administration Shah Jalal University of Science and Technology Sylhet-3114. July 06, 2006 Ms Nafsaniath Fathema Lecturer, Dept. of Business Administration Shah Jalal University of Science and Technology Sylhet-3114. Sub: Submission of internship identify Dear Madam, Have the pleasure in submitting my internship get over coroneted â€Å"Role of ICB in the Development o f slap-up Market in Bangladesh: A Per conformationance Evaluation of ICB Sponsored vulgar monetary resource .\r\nAs an chthonianlying authority of my BBA degree, I discombobulate been assigned to work on the offspring, with a view to well integrate the divinatory knowledge I rescue learned passim my four stratums of take up and thus to ticket tune these knowledge with pr deporticable work control in a fiscal governance desire ICB, the pioneer and swelledst enthronization assert of the country. The Internship computer program was really much valuable as it gartered me to gain a real life experience on the job(p) in a maestro environment. I tried my outstrip to get an in depth coverage of the topic and empha coatd on using au becausetic information\r\nI am grateful to you for your kind tincture and athletic bear outerful advice in preparing this report. Once again, thank you very much indeed for giving me the opport wholey to work under your kind super vision. Yours Sincerely Muhammad Abul Lyse Reg. NO: 0099730014 division of Business Administration (2nd Batch) Shah Jalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet. Contents part one Chapter one : iNTRODUCTION CHAPTER dickens: icb and ITS FUNTIONS CHAPTER one-third: subroutine OF ICB IN THE CAPITAL MARKET OF BANGLADESH CHAPTER quad: PERFORMANCE OF icb CHAPTER quint: SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES OF ICB part cardinal CHAPTER champion: ICB SPONSORED vulgar FUNDS\r\nCHAPTER TWO: findings and tributes of an perform an PLAN Detailed contents pART ONE CHAPTER 1: iNTRODUCTION 1. Objective of the shoot1 2. Scope of the take aim1 3. methodology of the theatre of operations2 4. Limitations of the Study4 CHAPTER TWO: ICB AND ITS FUNCTION 1. basis of the ICB5 2. Objectives5 3. Functions of ICB6 4. Business insurance policy7 5. upper-case earn social arranging7 6. Sh be Price of ICB8 7. Sh be retention lay of ICB9 8. Products of ICB11 9. ICB at a Glance14 10. Investors synops is of ICB16 11. Organization mental synthesis of ICB20 12. ICB plebeian silver22 13. ICB unit specie23 14. Development Activities of ICB27\r\nCHAPTER THREE: federal agency OF ICB IN THE CAPITAL MARKET OF BANGLADESH 3. 1 crown Market28 3. 1. 1 Role of chief city of the united States Market in the Economic Development of a Country28 3. 1. 2 investing Process29 3. 2 pecuniary Market30 3. 2. 1 Objective of the securities Market30 3. 2. 2 The Role of regimen30 3. 3 Financial Market of Bangladesh31 3. 3. 1 Money Market32 3. 3. 2 The non-Securities segment of the Capital Market32 3. 3. 3 The Securities-segment of the Capital Market32 3. 4 The Elements of Security Market33 3. 5 Creating a Supply of Good Securities in Market333. 6 The neckcloth and suppuration of Capital Market in Bangladesh33 . 7 The Present Scenario of Bangladesh Capital Market35 CHAPTER FOUR: PERFORMANCE OF ICB 4. 1 Role of ICB in the Capital Market of Bangladesh36 4. 2 Operational Activities of ICB41 4. 2. 1 Consideration of Applications41 4. 2. 2 Commitment42 4. 2. 3 Disbursement 46 4. 2. 4 bring Portfolio47 4. 2. 5 regent, Custodian, and have sex coach48 4. 2. 6 Lease Financing49 4. 3 Portfolio solicitude50 4. 4 somewhat a nonher(prenominal) Operational Activities51 4. 4. 1 march on against ICB unit and unwashed Fund certificates Scheme51 4. 4. 2 Consumer ac acknowledgment Scheme52 4. 4. 3 Merchandising Operations52 4. 4. 4 ICB sh ard Fund52 4. 4. Transaction of Securities53 4. 5 circumstancesicipation in International Activities53 4. 5. 1 ICB’s take aimment with South Asian Development Fund (SADF)53 4. 5. 2 enthronisation caudexs in South Asia regional Fund (SARF)54 4. 6 Financial Result of ICB 55 4. 6. 1 Total Expenditure56 4. 6. 2 Net Income56 4. 6. 3 Dividend57 4. 6. 4 Some Key Financial Ratios58 CHAPTER FIVE: THREE SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES OF ICB 5. 1 Subsidiary Companies of ICB595. 2 ICB Capital guidance particular(a) (ICML)59 5. 2. 1 Background of ICML 5 . 2. 2 Vision of the c wholeer59 5. 2. 3 Mission of the Comp whatsoever60 5. 2. 4 Some Salient Features of ICML investors’ Scheme60 5. . 5 Advantages of ICML Investors’ Scheme61 5. 2. 6 tolerance loanwordword61 5. 2. 7 Financial Performance of ICML63 5. 3 ICB addition counseling Limited (AMCL)63 5. 3 ICB Securities Trading Comp either Limited (ISTCL)66 transgress TWO CHAPTER ONE: ICB SPONSORED MUTUAL FUNDS 1. Some key studys of give voice money 68 1. Definition of sh atomic number 18d nones 68 2. Types of shargond depots 68 2. ICB unwashed finances 69 1.\r\nNature of Business 70 2. How to bargain for lively coarse blood lines 70 3. Management of the funds 70 4. Assets of ICB vernacular funds 70 5. Management fee, Charge and so on 71 6. closure of Dividend 71 3.\r\nOperational Highlights of ICB joint bills 72 4. Financial Statement Analysis of ICB’s Mutual bills 76 1. Earnings Per Shargon (EPS) 76 2. Dividend Per Sh ar 78 3. Dividend Payout Ratio 79 4. Earning comeback Ratio 80 5.\r\nDividend Yield Ratio 81 6. Price Earning Ratio 82 CHAPTER TWO: FINDINGS AND recommendation 1. Finding more or less The Capital merchandise of Bangladesh83 2. 1. 1 omit of Confidence83 2. 1. 2 Frequent Monetary Change83 2. 1. 3 Liquidity Crisis84 2. 1. 4 Volatile Market Situation84 2. 1. 5 Absence of profound Securities85 2. 1. 6 Absence of political relation initiative85 2. 1. 7 Market Maker85 2. 1. 8 Aw atomic number 18ness85 2. 1. 9 Lack of knowledge85 2. 1. 10 Mass society86 . 2 Findings nigh investing batch of Bangladesh86 2. 2. 1 Services stop by ICB86 2. 2. 2 Unfair dividend Policy of Mutual funds86 2. 2. 3 Irredeemable Mutual funds87 2. 2. 4 Absence of efficiency in Portfolio perplexity of MF87 2. 2. 5 Lengthy Processing87 2. 3 Recommendation of an Action Plan88 2. 4 Conclusion 90 Bibliography 92 Acronym and Appendices I. vermiform appendix : Or anagram of ICB II. Appendix: Balance Sheet and Income Statement of ICB\r\nExecutive thick enthronization great deal of Bangladesh (ICB), ceremonious in 1976, is to the highest degree the only coronation entrust in Bangladesh. In a broader sense, ICB is both an investment funds Bank and Development Financial introduction. (DFI). ICB plays a pivotal affair to hike and broaden the base of investment and in that respectby to help to contract a vibrant majuscule grocery store in Bangladesh. ICB caters to the need of institutional support to rival the right gap of emerge overbold companies. ICB whole works with a view to mobilise nest egg of globe public and inspires subatomic and medium savers for investment in securities.\r\nAs s single entity, disposal of Bangladesh holds absolute majority sh ares of ICB (i. e. 27%). With diverse functions, ICB operates on technical basis, provides pecuniary assistance to projects bailiwick to their frugal and commercial viability and ar avows fair play and loans singly or finished and by means of consortium of monetary institution. Functions of ICB include; get of shares and debenture bonds including location and direct participation, managing vivacious uncouth funds and investment cyphers, providing investment talk over to investors and share disposal to its divestment programs.\r\nThe future(a) report titled â€Å"The Role of ICB in the tuition of Capital Market in Bangladesh: A Performance Evaluation of ICB Sponsored Mutual Funds” contains a comprehensive overview of ICB with special accent on ICB’s reference in the divulgement of heavy(p) commercialize in Bangladesh. Likewise, an depth psychology of ICB sponsored Mutual funds is make with detail fiscal analysis as ICB since its inception, have been performing a pioneering role in the heavy(p) market of Bangladesh by managing the portfolios of ICB’s ogdoad correlative funds. Since 1980, ICB floated a total of eight vernacular funds with gainful up enceinte of T k 17. 0 crore. After taken a restructuring program of ICB under Capital Market Development Program (CMDP) initiated by the government of Bangladesh and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and in terminuss of power conferred in the ICB command triad ancillary companies, namely (1) ICB Capital Management Limited (2) ICB Asset Management Company Limited and (3) ICB Securities Trading Company Limited have been created and made in operation(p) to carry out merchant banking, mutual fund operations and stock brokerage functions singlely. The report is divided mainly into twain parts.\r\nPart mavin contains a comprehensive coverage of ICB with its role in the development of bully market in Bangladesh and Part Two lay outes part one by analyzing the ICB sponsored Mutual funds as ICB plays a central role in the upper-case letter market of Bangladesh by managing its eight mutual funds. Part wholeness consists of Four Chapters. Chapter One includes the accusive, arena, methodology and limitations of the get. Chapter Two describes historical background, objectives, craft policies, functions, capital structure and products of ICB.\r\nChapter Three explain the fiscal market and various segments of financial market of Bangladesh. The chapter as well as establishes the role of ICB in the development of Capital Market in Bangladesh. Chapter Four illustrates the performance of ICB. Chapter Five includes a comment of leash subsidiary companies of ICB. Part Two consists of both chapters. Chapter one evaluates the ICB sponsored mutual funds. This chapter initi in ally deals with some hypothetical concepts of mutual funds and then an in-depth financial performance of ICB mutual funds.\r\nChapter two includes some findings of the ascertain with recommendation of an action plan. The report ends with a bibliography and an appendix. Acknowledgments I would alike(p) to express my gratitude to Dr. Md. Nazrul Islam, motion and Associate professor of the subdivision of Business Administration of Shah Jalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet and All of the T distributively(prenominal)ers of the Department in particular to my supervisor Ms Nafsaniath Fathema who constantly inspired, supervised, and encourage me with valuable advice and cooperation with the whole plosive of my internship Program.\r\nI would as well as like to express my special regards to Ms Nasreen Sultana, AGM of the violence Department, who allowed and gave me the opportunity to work in Investment bay window of Bangladesh, the pioneer Investment Bank of the country. I am also highly grateful to the strength of ICB and all the AGMs of various departments who helped me a lot and cooperated me during my internship period. I am in pleasure to the express my gratitude to the internship and specifyment committee of the Department of Business Administration especially to the oordinator of the committee, Mohammad Imtiaz Ferdous, also the Assistant Professor of the Depa rtment of Business Administration. I would like to extend my special thank to Ms Sharmin, Senior Principal Officer of Personnel Department, Subashis Chakrabarti, Assistant librarian of the ICB and all the individual officers of ICB for their affable cooperation and helpful advice. As the first work of my life, I would bear this fond memory of ICB for the rest of my life. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |PART ONE | | | | | | | | |CHAPTER ONE | | | | | |INTRODUCTIONS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1. 1 Objective of the Study Learning by doing is an effective way of acquiring knowledge. To have a real life exposure, each student of Department of Business Administration, of Shah Jalal University of Science and Technology has to carry out an internship program as an integral part of his/her BBA degree.\r\nSince, only the supposed knowledge ordure non make one fit for change magnitude competitive situation of the world, the internship placement committee h ad put me at ICB for a period of three months. Other objective of this study is as follows: ? To relate donnish knowledge with real life line world. ? To have an overall idea about the role of ICB in the capital market of Bangladesh with a special idiom on ICB sponsored Mutual Funds[1]. ? To analyse the profitability of ICB sponsored mutual funds. ? To find out common drawback and lacking of ICB, if there is any, and recommend an action plan. 1. 2 Scope of the Study The scope of this report is only one organisation i. e.\r\nInvestment potbelly of Bangladesh (ICB) and specially the Mutual Funds as it is the focus return sphere of this report. It has been have-to doe withed earlier, the main objective of the study is to analyse the role of ICB in the development of Capital market in Bangladesh with an fierceness on ICB sponsored mutual funds. The report gives an overview of ICB followed by a part on financial involvement of ICB. The report establishes the theoretical and con ceptual modelling comparing with which the capital market will be judged. There is one elucidate part that deals with the ICB sponsored mutual funds. The study will also fork over some problems of ICB observed during the internship coupled with some recomm cease action plan. 1. Methodology of the Study Methodology tooshie be referred as underlying principles and rules of organization or the philosophical systems that work at the backdrop of any study. It clarifies the problems involving the inquiry in a very acquaintd and systematic fashion. Strategies are determined at this stage for future implementation. In conducting any formal curriculum vitae and preparing any research paper two kinds of info i. e. Primary Data and Secondary Data, are used. I tried my trounce to quest both types of entropy and information and have firm intention to emphasis on primary data as it is a good deal up-to-date and more useful than any create information.\r\nInitially we stash away raw data from departments of ICB and then sort out useful information pertinent to my paper. Approaches and methods that have been used to prepare this report are as follows. 1. Personal interview: ICB has 25 departments and three subsidiary companies so far. I personally interviewed well-nigh all AGMs of all departments and talked with the senior Principal Officer, point Officer and other officer of concerned departments. 2. instruct Session: variance heads (DGMs[2]) and department heads (AGMs) or their authorize officials gave briefs about their respective departments. nurture collect from these sessions has been used in the report. 3.\r\nPublished reports: a large tally of data are taken from the promulgated sources such as ICB’s annual reports of previous familys, Annual reports ICB Mutual Funds, Monthly review of capital of Bangladesh and Chittagong extraction Exchange. 4. Selection of the sample: the sample area of this study covers the head office of ICB. Since the central financial activities are done under surveillance of the head office of ICB, so the selection of sample of this study is justifiable. Data collected from distinct divisions of ICB are all equally important segments of sample used in this study. ICB as a national investment institution has added a tempo in developing the capital market of Bangladesh. As a result of this richness the selection of ICB as the sample area of this study is presumably the solicit of the time. 5.\r\nTime fascinates: As verbalise earlier since the purpose of this internship program is an exposure to practical life, the ICB management has deputed me to all the division, departments, sections and cell to acquire hand-on-experience about each of them. I have visited the departments according to the following schedule. | |Name of the Departments |From |To | |  |  | |  | |1 |Personnel Department |27. 03. 2006 |28. 03. 006 | |2 |Secretary Department |29. 03. 2006 |  | |3 |Planning res earch and Business development Dept. |30. 04. 2006 |09. 04. 2006 | |4 |Management Information Dept. |10. 04. 2006 |12. 04. 2006 | |5 |Securities Analysis Dept. |13. 04. 2006 |16. 04. 2006 | |6 |Investors Dept |17. 04. 2006 |19. 04. 2006 | |7 |Shares Dept. and balancing carrel |20. 04. 2006 |25. 04. 2006 | |8 | building block sales Dept. |26. 04. 006 |27. 04. 2006 | |9 |whole registration and collection Dept. |30. 04. 2006 |02. 05. 2006 | |10 |Mutual Fund Dept. |03. 05. 2006 |07. 05. 2006 | |11 |Central Accounts Dept. |08. 05. 2006 |10. 05. 2006 | |12 | corpse Analysis Dept. |14. 05. 2006 |15. 05. 2006 | |13 |scheduling Dept. |16. 05. 2006 |17. 05. 2006 | |14 | impart approximation Dept/Lien Cell |18. 05. 2006 |21. 05. 2006 | |15 |SAARC Cell |22. 05. 006 |—- | |16 |Project Implementation Dept. |23. 05. 2006 |—- | |17 | lend Recovery and Monitoring Dept. |24. 05. 2006 |25. 05. 2006 | |18 |Project Loan Account Dept. |28. 05. 2006 |—- | |19 | prevalent Issue Dep t. |29. 05. 2006 |—- | |20 |Trustee Dept. |30. 05. 2006 |31. 05. 2006 | |21 | honor Dept. |01. 06. 2006 |04. 06. 2006 | |22 | analyse and Method Dept. |05. 06. 2006 |06. 06. 2006 | |23 |Department Control Dept |07. 06. 006 |—- | |24 |Establishment Dept. |08. 06. 2006 |11. 06. 2006 | |25 |public Relation Dept. |12. 06. 2006 |—- | |26 |ICB Asset Management Company Ltd |13. 06. 2006 |15. 06. 2006 | |27 |ICB Capital Management Ltd |18. 06. 2006 |20. 06. 2006 | |28 |ICB Securities Trading Ltd |21. 06. 2006 |26. 06. 2006 | Table 1. 1: Schedule of working at ICB 1. 4 Limitations of the Study Limitations are obvious in any study so do here.\r\nSince this is an internship report, the limitations regarding the internship programm has acted as the limitation of the study. The findings we calculate out, and the recommendation we made whitethorn non be 100% accurate and may not meet the exact situation. Eventually, in completion of my study, a number of constraints and l imitations I faced. These cease be considered as follows: ? Performance analysis of ICB and its mutual funds may not represent the current condition of the organisation and its mutual funds as all the analysis are found on the data of June 30, 2005. Since the current course financial disclosures are not public yet, so the analysis is a little backdated. ? Officials of ICB maintain a very busy schedule.\r\nSo they were not invariably able to provide enough time to better the intern students every time, even if they had the intention to do so. ? Due to security reasons and organizational privacy we didn’t have access to some core areas of ICB. ? I had to go almost every department of ICB during my three months internship programm at ICB. Three months is a very minuscule span of time to get an in-depth knowledge about a giant organization like ICB. ? The area covered by the report â€Å"The role of ICB in the development of Capital Market in Bangladesh: A Performance Eval uation of ICB Mutual Funds” concerns a huge a number of activities and it is very gruelling to sk etcetera a total picture of the financial activities in a report of this short scale. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |CHAPTER TWO | | | | | |ICB AND ITS FUNCTIONS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2. 1 Background of the ICB The investment corporation of Bangladesh (ICB) was established on 1st October 1976, under â€Å"The Investment Corporation of Bangladesh ordinance, 1976” (no XL of 1976).\r\nThe establishment of ICB was a major tread in a series of measures undertaken by the Government to repair the pace of industrialization and to develop a well organized and vibrant capital market particularly securities market in Bangladesh. ICB caters to the need of institutional support to meet the equity gap of the companies. In view of the national policy of accelerating the rate of savings and investment to foster self â€reliant economy, ICB assumes an crucial and pivotal role. Through the enactment of the Investment Corporation of Bangladesh (Amendment) Act 2000 (no 24 of 2000), reforms[3] in operational strategies and contrast policies have been implemented by establishing and operating subsidiary companies with ICB as the holding community. 2. 2 Objective\r\nAs the country’s Pioneer Investment Bank, ICB has been working to assist the base investors in mobilizing their savings. ICB works with a view to broaden the base of the investment of the country, train mass participation of general people in the capital market and thus to contribute towards the gross domestic product of Bangladesh. ? To encourage and broaden the base of investments ? To develop the capital market ? To mobilise savings ? To promote and establish subsidiary companies for business expansion. ? To provide for matters 2. 3 Functions of ICB To develop the capital market of Bangladesh, and mobilise the savings of itty-bitty investors, ICB carry out a range of change functions.\r\nWith a solid view to foster and accelerate the frugal growth of the country, ICB provides all sorts of financial function to the potential sector. Ensuring equal distribution of economic benefits gained by the economy among the grass root level is one of the main objectives of ICB. Various functions of ICB ass be mentioned as follows. Unlike any other financial institutions, ICB maintains a portfolio of the government comprised of different securities of listed companies and helps government advising regarding fiscal and monetary policy of the country. As a market master it floats mutual funds, issues unit certificates, underwrites securities and manages issuance of securities. | | | |Underwriting of initial public asseverateing of shares and debentures | | |Underwriting of right issue of shares | |Basic | comport buy of shares and debentures including Pre-I[4]PO placement and equity participation | |Function s |Providing read finance to industrial machinery and other equipments singly or by forming syndicate | |Of |Managing investors Accounts | | |Managing Open End and unlikable End Mutual Funds[5] | |ICB |Operating on the armory Exchanges | | |Providing investment counseling to issuers and investors | | |Participating in government investment program | | |Participating in and funding of, joint-venture projects | | |Dealing in other matters related to capital market operations | | |Trusty, Custodian, Bank Guarantee | | |Consumer Credit | 2. 4 Business Policy The corporation has espouse a realistic business policy framework deep down which its operation is conducted.\r\nThe corporation, acts on commercial friendliness with due regard to the interest of industry, commerce, depositors, investors and to the public in general. | | | | |To provide financial assistance to projects subject to their economic and commercial viability. | |Business |To arrange consortium of financial in stitutions including merchant banks to provide equity support to | |Policy |projects and thereby spread the risk of underwriting. | |Of |To develop and encourage entrepreneurs. | |ICB |To diversify investments in securities. | |To create employment. | | |To encourage Investment in IT sector. | | |To encourage Investment in joint venture capital/project. | 2. 5 Capital Structure | Capital Structure of ICB -as on June 30, 2005 (Tk in crore) | | classic capital |100. 00 | |Paid up capital |50. 00 | | adjudge |84. 11 | |Retained profit |5. 6 | | gigantic term govt. Loan |5. 25 | |Debentures |61. 80 | |Others |24. 89 | |Total |231. 41 | address: Drawn based on the data of ICB Annual Report 2004-2005 token 2. 1 Capital Structure of ICB Share damage of ICB Share terms of for the last year was as follows: Fig 2. 2: 2. 7 Share holding Position of ICB\r\nEquity participation from a range of institution along with the government of Bangladesh has made the capital structure of ICB as a uniq ue. Nationalised banks, Private commercial banks, Bangladesh Bank including the general public have monomania in ICB. |Shareholding assign of ICB (as on June 30,2005) | |Share carrier |No. of share pallbearer |No. of shares |Percentage | |Governments of Bangladesh |1 |1350000 |27. 00 | |Nationalised Commercial Banks |4 |1137220 |22. 4 | |Development Financial Institution |2 |681550 |13. 63 | |Insurance Companies |3 |618286 |12. 37 | |Bangladesh Bank |1 |600000 |12. 00 | |Denationalized Private Com Banks |2 |454263 |9. 08 | |Private Commercial Banks |3 |28286 |0. 7 | | outside Commercial Banks |2 |26531 |0. 53 | |First BSRS Mutual Fund |1 |6900 |0. 14 | |Other Institution |9 |26949 |0. 54 | | habitual Public |927 |70015 |1. 54 | | Total|955 |5000000 |100. 00 | Table 2. 2: Shareholding Position of ICB\r\nSource: Annual Report 2004-2005 [pic] Figure: 2. 3 Shareholding position of ICB 2. 8 Products of ICB Private Placements ICB is authorized to act as an agent of the issuers and inv estors for snobbish placements of securities. Under this arrangement, ICB places securities to individuals/institutions on behalf of the issuer for which it bashs fees. ICB also acquires shares/securities for its own portfolio both in pre- initial public offering placement and equity investment. Underwriting[6] In fix up to raise long term equity from the primary market, the government bodies, enterprises, corporations or companies may look intermediary assistance from ICB in the form of underwriting.\r\nBecause of its long and proven experience, reputation, asset back up and established network of regional offices, ICB is in an worth position to attract the potential investors to the proposed issue of shares, debentures and other securities for successful flotation of initial offering and placement. Custodian and Banker to the Issues To act as the keeper to the public issue of Open-end & Closed-end Mutual Funds, ICB provides professional function. It also acts as the Ba nker to the issues and provides similar work through the network of its branches. Fees in this regard are negotiable. Mergers and Acquisitions Companies willing to expand their business through mergers or acquisitions or o divestment projects that no longer practicable into present capacity of operation stop achieve the Corporation. ICB provides professional services & advices in respect of shape up the cost and financial structures to ensure best possible operational results. Besides, in case of divestment, the corporation, through network and established business relationship, bring spoilers and sellers together, help them to negotiate final agreement and advice on the emerging corporate structure. Advance against Unit Certificates Scheme Advance against ICB Unit Certificates Scheme was introduced in 1998, especially designed for the ICB unit- holders to meet their emergency fund requisites. One tidy sum borrow supreme Tk. 5 per unit by depositing his/her unit certif icates under lien arrangement from any of the ICB offices where from such unit certificates were issued. The rate of interest on the loan is clean and competitive. Corporate Financial Advice Government enterprises and Companies intending to go public issue often seek professional & financial advice on corporate restructuring & reengineering. ICB through its expertness provide such services through its expertise. Lease[7] Financing ICB Provides lease finance mainly for procurance of industrial machinery, equipment and transport. ICB provides professional advice and financial assistance to the intending clients.\r\nThe period of lease, rental, charges, and other terms and conditions are determined on the basis of type of assets and the extent of assistance demand by the applicants. Since introduction of this fascinate in 1999, good responses have been received from the intending lessees. Trustee to the debenture and Securities assets ICB is playing as a trustee to the d ebenture issues and asset-backed securitised bonds. ICB acted as trustee to the issues of 17 companies of which 7 companies has been redeemed successfully. Bank Guarantee fascinate ICB introduced Bank Guarantee proposal in 2002-03. ICB provides (i) Bid Bond for enabling the business people to participate in any legal tender or bidding; ii) Performance Bond for helping the business community to continue their business smoothly by fulfilling their obligations promised by them to their clients; and (iii) Customs Guarantee for work out different disagreements between the customs authority and the business classes at the initial stage. The maximum limit of indorsement is Tk. 2. 00 crore and would be issued against at east 20% capital and 80% intimately en interchangeable securities or against 100% cash margin. Re- sanction from other financial institution is ask for guarantee against the amount exceeding Tk. 2. 00 crore. Consumer Credit Scheme As part of business diversification program, ICB has introduced â€Å"Consumers Credit Scheme” in 2003-04 considering at the need of various home base commodities of different employees of govt. , semi-govt. autonomous bodies and some established private sector organizations. Under this scheme one can enjoy minimum Tk 1. 0 lac but maximum 5 lac credit facilities. The rate of interest on the loan is reasonable and competitive which is fixed by the board of directors of ICB considering the bank rate and with the guidelines of Bangladesh Bank. 2. 9 ICB at a Glance |Particulars |ejaculateulative up to June 30, 2005 (Tk in Crore) | |Authorized Capital |100. 00 | |Paid up Capital |50. 0 | |Financial Assistance to projects (Commitment) | | |No of projects |431 | | substance |536. 87 | |Disbursement of project loan | | |No of projects |308 | | summation |114. 2 | |Trustee to debenture issue | | |No of companies |17 | |Amount |184. 15 | |Trustee to issue of bonds | | |No of companies |5 | |Amount |134. 6 | |Custodian/Trustee to issue of Mutual Funds | | |No of funds |4 | |Amount |60. 00 | |Manager to the issue | | |No of companies |41 | |Amount |104. 9 | |Lease financing | | |No of projects |34 | |Amount sanctioned |92. 93 | |Public Issue (ICB Assisted) | | |No of companies |111 | |Size of issue (General public) |368. 3 | |ICB Investors’ scheme | | |No of cards loose |77207 | |Investment made |760. 82 | |ICB Mutual Funds | | |Number |8 | |Capital fund |17. 0 | |Total market value of investment |67. 66 | |Dividend per certificate in eight mutual funds for the year 2004-2005, ranges | | |from Tk 15 to Tk 210) | | |ICB unit fund | | |Gross sale |940. 8 | |Rate of dividend for the year 2004-05=Tk12 per certificate | | |ICB’s Transaction in the song Exchanges including subsidiaries | | |DSE |769. 90 | |CSE |268. 73 | Financial Results (For the year 2004-05) (Tk in crore) |Income |170. 38 | |Net profit after tax revenue |21. 3 | |Dividend (Tk per share) |12 | |Manpower (as on June 0,2005) |396 | |No of shareholders ( as on June 30, 2005) |955 | 2. 10 Investors Scheme of ICB Investor scheme is one of the core functions of ICB. Through investors’ scheme, ICB ensures Participation of small investors in the capital market of Bangladesh. The Investors Scheme was introduced in 1977 with the objective of broadening the base of equity investment through mobilising savings of small and medium size savers for investment in the securities market.\r\nIn addition to Head Office, Investment Accounts are also operated at the 7 branch offices of ICB located at Dhaka, Chittagong, Rajshahi, Khulna, Barisal, Sylhet, and Bogra. However in view of strategic changes in policy reform, from 01 July 2002 ICB stopped possibleness new musical scores and ICB Capital Management Ltd. started opening and managing investment beaks. ICB will continue to provide services to its existing accounts only. Table 2. 3: Comparative operational activities of the investors’ scheme in 2004-2005 and 2003-2004 |Particulars |04-05 |03-04 |Increase/Decrease |Cum as on June 30, 2005 | | | | |(%) | | |No. f accounts opened | — | — | — |72207 | |No. of accounts ratiocinationd |807 |776 |4. 26 |28327 | |No. of net operative accounts |48880 |49687 |-1. 62 |48880 | |Deposit received |22. 7 |27. 31 |-16. 62 |314. 87 | |Loans disbursed |159. 5 |58. 73 |171. 58 |707. 8 | |Investment Made |118. 26 |62. 91 |87. 98 |760. 82 | |Interest accrue |25. 09 |30. 48 |-17. 68 |— | |Interest waived |19. 06 |31. 26 |-39. 03 |55. 52 | |Recovery of margin Loans |179. 6 |103. 14 |74. 13 | —| |Fund withdrawal |40. 18 |13. 09 |206. 95 | —|\r\n hike up steps were undertaken to enhance the quality and speedy service under the scheme like computerization of all activities and installation of merchandizing operation management software. This enables the management to offer better and quick service to the investors including i nstant translate of the financial tilt, portfolio, balance of the accounts, etc. Installation of peal banking system in Investors Account enabling investors to collect information and operate their account over mobilise was at the final stage of operations. Besides, installation of electronic display system of DSE online trading on the tier of ICB has been set up. Through investors’ scheme ICB provides the following services. control of Operation\r\nAn account may be operated by the account holder himself/herself or he/she may authorize to another A/c. holder of investors account of ICB by written consent in the positive(p) form, some one else to operate the account on his/her behalf. In case of joint account holders, account may be operated by single or joint signatories or by authorised operator. margin Loan Presently ICB grants loan up to two times i. e. at the ratio of 1:3 against the deposits of account holder(s) subject to a maximum of Tk. 3, 00,000. 00 to an ac count. However, management of ICB, at its discretion, may limit such loan. Loans are repayable as per repayment schedule presumptuousness by ICB.\r\nIn the event of default of loan repayment, the outstanding amount may be find by sale of securities held in the account. Portfolio Management The account holder may use his/her equity and the loan to buy securities which ICB keeps as collateral. Purchase and sale orders are executed by ICB within the shortest possible time, subject to the availability of fund in the account and scope of matching of buyers/sellers and securities in the stock re-sentencings. An account holder or his/her authorized person may place procure/sale execution order in the prescribed form, indicating whether, the order is a limit order i. e. an specifying the max. /min. rice at which he/she is willing to buy /sale, or at a market footing i. e. without any limit of price. The purchase and sale orders are valid for seven and ten days respectively, if not reva lidated / cancelled otherwise by the account operator. withdrawal of Securities/Funds All or any amount of fund or securities may be sequestered from an account subject to keeping of minimum credit balance of Tk. 5000. 00 in cash or in securities to keep the account running alive. Application against IPO All activities relating to application for securities and collection of allotment letter / refund warrant and certificates, as the case may be, against the IPO[8] are done by ICB on behalf of account holder.\r\nCollection of Securities and Benefits Right shares, premium shares, dividends, interest, converted shares etc. accruing to an account are collected by ICB from the respective companies. Registration and tutelar services Registration of shares/ securities with the company is made before the closure of the companys share / debenture transfer book, after completing all the required formalities, on behalf of the account holder. Volt and other protective arrangement for assets of the account are provided by ICB. commission and data support In order to develop diversified and balanced portfolio to minimize risk and increase profit, ICB provides professional advice to its clients.\r\nData support in the form of securities analysis sheet, daily purchase/ sale position, statement and portfolio of each account, etc. are provided on demand and on regular interval. Income Incomes from investments by way of dividend, interest, bonus shares, capital gains etc. are credited to the respective account. Expense Interest on loan (currently-12. 5%) and brokerage (0. 5% for non CDS & 0. 5250% for CDS) on sale/ purchase of securities are charged to the respective account. To encourage the small and medium savers, ICB at present does not charge fees for most of the services rendered by ICB to its customers, including fees for management, investment advice, custodial service(for non CDS securities),etc. Closing of Account\r\nAn account may be closed by written orde r subject to settlement of fees & dues, if any. There is no provision of revitalization of a closed account. Risk Management Risks of investments in the securities market are minimized through circumspect & professional portfolio management. 2. 11 Organization Structure of ICB Management of ICB The head office of the corporation as per the requirement of the ordinance of ICB is located at Dhaka. The board of directors of ICB is very much rich as it consists of distinguished professional and managing director of other organization. The scorecard consists of 11 members including the president and Managing theater director. The circuit board of Directors consists of the following members. The Chairman and Managing Director (MD) are to be appointed by the government o The directors to be appointed by the government from among persons help under the government. o One Director to be appointed by the Bangladesh Bank o The Managing Director of Bangladesh Shilpa Bank (BSB), ex office. o The Managing Director of Bangladesh Shilpa Rin Shnagsta (BSRS) o Four other directors to be elected by the shareholders other than the government. ICB- its Divisions and Departments Investment Corporation of Bangladesh split, into 25 departments and 11 divisions in its head office. Beside that ICB has seven branches in different districts. These are situated at Dhaka (local office), Chittagong, Sylhet, Rajshahi, Khulna, Bogura and Barisal. ICB is functionally divided into two broad wing.\r\nOne is operations wing and another is Administrative wing. The functions of operational wings involve the activities of project Financing, Planning seek and Business Development, Lunching Unit and Mutual Funds ( intromission if new funds is now stopped and currently the function is accomplished by ICB Asset Management Ltd), achievement and maintenance of Investor Accounts. The function of administrative Wing involve the activities of Account and Finance, Legal affairs, Implementat ion and Recovery, Project Implementation, Law and Public Issue. It is mentioned earlier, that ICB consists of 11 Divisions and 25 departments. The following slacken lists all the divisions and departments of ICB.\r\nAn appendix at the pf the report contains the full Organ gram of ICB. Table 2. 4 |Division |Department | |A. Administration |01. Personel | | |02. Establishment | |B. Loan Appraisal |03. Loan Appraisal | | |04.\r\nEconomic and Business Research | | |05. Securities Analysis | |C. Legal Affairs |06. Public Issue | | |07. Law | |D. Merchandising |08. Investors’ | | |09.\r\nShares | | |10. Transaction | |E. Funds |11. Unit sales | | |12. Unit Registration and Procurement | | |13. Mutual Funds | |F. Computer |14. System Analysis | | |15.\r\nProgramming | | |16. Management Information System | |G. audited account And Methods |17. Audit And Methods (Head Office) | | |18. Audit And Methods ( break upes) | |H. Accounts and Finance |19. Central Accounts | | |20.\r\nPr oject Loan Accounts | |I. Implementation |21. project Implementation | | |22. Recovery and pass | |J. Secretary’s |23. Secretary’s | | |24. Public Relation | |K. Branch and Subsidiaries control Division |25.\r\nBranch Control Department | 2. 11 ICB Mutual Funds It is a recognized principle that diversification of investment reduces risk. An individual may not have the time, expertise and resources to undertake such diversification. Here arises the advantage of a Mutual Fund. Mutual Funds pool the savings of a great number of investors and make investments in a wide array of securities. In Bangladesh ICB has pioneered Mutual Funds for the sake of investors and of the capital market. Mutual Funds are also cognize as close ended Mutual Funds. The issued capital of a Mutual Fund is limited, that is, a Mutual Fund offers a limited number of certificates for sale to the public.\r\nThe amount of capital and the number of certificates of each Mutual Fund frame unchanged. ICB Mutual Funds are independent of one another. Price of Mutual Fund certificates after IPO is determined on the Stock Exchanges through fundamental interaction of supply and demand. The market price of a Mutual Fund certificates is available in Stock exchange quotations and in newspapers. An investor can purchase any of the existing eight ICB Mutual Funds certificates through the Stock Exchanges at the prevailing Market Price. The Mutual Funds are managed by ICB as fund tutor for which receives commission @1%. ICB Mutual Funds Certificates holders shall have unfettered ownership in the assets of the Fund to which they are related.\r\nIn case of winding up of the Corporation the assets belonging to any ICB Mutual Fund shall not be set as the assets of the Corporation. At present management fee @ 1% on the paid up capital of the Fund is charged annually. No amount is charged on account of custodial and trust services. The net income received on investments of Funds on account of d ividend, bonus, interest, capital gain etc. are distributed amongst the Certificate Holders as per decision of the Board of Directors of ICB. Board declares such income in the form of dividend at the end of July each year. Dividends declared by ICB in the past on the Mutual Funds were very attractive.\r\nA detail analysis on ICB sponsored mutual fund will be followed on the wink part of the report. 2. 12 ICB Unit Fund Sponsored by the Government of Bangladesh, ICB Unit Fund was established on April 10, 1981. Its main objective is to mobilize savings through sale of its units to small investors and invest these funds in marketable securities. The scheme provides a potential source of equity and debt to industrial and commercial concerns and thus contributes to the industrial development of the country. Unit fund is an open ended Mutual Fund. It provides an opportunity to the unit holders to invest their funds in a well managed and diversified portfolio with a high degree of security of capital and reasonable every year returns.\r\nInvestment in Units is safe and ensures a continuous and regular source of income for the holders. Units are easily encashable. As such, investment in Unit is comparatively more attractive. By investing in this scheme an investor may derive personal benefit on the one hand and also contribute towards the economic development of the country on the other. ICB units are securities within the meaning of Trust Act. 1882. Issue, Transfer and Surrender of Unit Certificates (I) Units are available in 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000, & 5000 denominations. The names with addresses of the holders are recorded and dividends are dispatched to them accorded and dividends are dispatched to them accordingly. II) Units may be transferred through prescribed transfer form duly filled in and signed by the transferor and transferee. No stamp duty is required for such transfers. (III) Units may be encased by way of surrendering the certificates along w ith the prescribed surrender forms duly filled in and signed by the registered holders and no prior brand is required. The certificates are required to be surrendered at the prevailing Repurchase Price. Price Fixation: Changes in buy prices of units are notified through the newspapers and price of a Unit is fixed periodically by ICB as its fund manager. Among others, valuation of the assets of the Fund is taken into consideration season fixing price of a unit. Public Participation\r\nThe Fund is divided into units which are generally known as â€Å"ICB Unit”. Each Unit bears a certain value in the assets of the Fund. The Unit holders are the owners of the fund and only they are benefited from it. Unit certificates can be purchased in single or joint name (s). At present maximum of 10,000 Units can be purchased in a single or joint name(S) at a time. Units are not sold to institutions. Professional hash out Professional Counseling is rendered to the prospective & exis ting investors who are eager to purchase ICB Units through ICB offices and authorized Bank branches. Presently this scheme is operated by ICB Asset Management Company Limited. Investment by Bangladeshi Citizens Abroad\r\nThe Bangladeshi citizens support abroad may invest in certificates on fulfillment of the following terms and conditions: (I) The value of Units purchased is to be remitted through bank channel, (II) The money invested in Units and benefits thereon are not allowed to be repatriated, (III) The investors must mention their local and bank addresses in Bangladesh for convenience of registration of Units. Investment by Foreigners Residing in Bangladesh The foreign nationals residing in Bangladesh may also invest in Unit Certificates, provided they produce certificates to the effect that money being invested are their own savings and is not borrowed as loan or overdraft from any bank. These certificates are to be collected from a Gazetted Officer or a Banker not below th e rank or Deputy General Manager. Fund Management\r\nThe responsibility of managing the fund rests on ICB for which management fee @ Tk. 1. 25 per Unit (net outstanding) is charged. The Corporation also discharges the responsibility of loading and unloading of securities in and from the portfolio in the interest of the Unit holders. It is also the custodian of all assets of the fund. Dividend The total income earned on investment/ deployment of funds, net of expenditures incurred, in a financial year is distributed among the unit holders as dividend. Dividend is normally declared at the end of July each year by the Board of Directors of ICB. Dividend Warrants are dispatched soon after declaration of dividend.\r\nSince launching of the scheme in 1981 till FY 2004-05 the rates of yearly dividend declared/ paid are as under: Figure 2. 4: dividend performance of ICB unit fund The graph shows that the fund provides an attractive cash dividend each year to the highest of 25% in 1988-89 an d to the lowest of 11. 01% in 2004-2005. Figure 2. 5: Dividend yield on ICB unit fund The graph shows a dividend yield on opening price of the unit fund. Tax Benefits (I) Investment in Units enjoys the benefit of Investment Allowance under Sec. 44 of Income Tax ordinance 1984. (II) Units are treated as approved securities in accordance with the partitioning 2993 of the Companies Act. 1994 and Insurance Act,  1938. These are also treated as Securities as per Sec. 20 of the Trust Act, 1882. Cumulative Investment Plan (CIP) Under this scheme a holder instead of receiving dividend may reinvest such dividend income accrued for purchasing Unit at a confessional rate. In such case, Units are issued at Tk. 1. 00 less than the opening price of the financial year. 2. 13 Development Activities of ICB Equity support through consortium arrangement ICB inve\r\n'